Question | Answer |
organic compound | made primarily of carbon atoms |
functional group | clusters of atom in an organic compound |
monomer | carbon compounds built up from smaller molecules |
polymer | a molecule that consists of repeated, linked units |
macromolecule | large polymers |
condensation reaction | monomers link to form polymers |
hydrolysis | water is used to break down a polymer |
adenosine triphosphate | energy available to cells that stores a large amount of energy |
carbohydrate | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom |
monosaccharide | a monomer of a carbohydrate |
disaccharide | two monosaccharides can combine in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar |
polysacharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides |
protein | organic compounds mainly of carbon |
amino acid | form proteins from the linkage of monomers |
peptide bond | two amino acids form a covalent bond |
polypeptide | amino acids that create a long chain |
enzyme | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalyzed |
substrate | the reactant being catalyzed |
active site | an enzymes folds |
lipid | large, non-popular organic molecules |
fatty acid | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |
phospholipid | have two, rather than three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol |
wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain |
steroid | composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |
nucleic acid | very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell |
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | contains information that determines the chararistics of an organism and directs its cell activities |
ribonucleic acid (RNA) | stores and tranfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins |
nucleotide | made of three main components: a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a ring shaped nitrogenous base |
functional group | two or three atoms at either end of an organic molecule, influence the chararistics of the molecules they form. |
single bond | C2H6 |
covalent bond | strongest bond, two elements share one or moreouter elctrons, example is H2O |
copounds | two or more elements, chemical bonds formed or broken to change them-requires chemical change to form them |
single bond | shares 2 electrons, strong |
hydrolysis | adding water to something to break it apart |
empirical formula | kinds and number of each atom |
triple bond | 6 electrons are shared, very strong bond |
double bond | C2H4 |
how many bonds can hydrogen have? | 1 |
double bond | 4 electrons are shared, strong bond |
triple bond | C2H2 |
structural formula | kinds of atoms, shape of molecule and bonds |
acid range | 1-6 |
how many bonds can carbon have? | 4 |
cohesion | water attches to itself |
hydrogen bonding | weakest of bonds, most common, partially positive attracts a negative atom from another molecule |
base range | 8-14 |
how many bonds can nitrogen have? | 3 |
capallarity | waters ability to move up a narrow tube |
carbon element | 4 electrons, wants four more so it forms 4 covalent bonds |
carbohydtates | molecules made from glucose, primary energy source, sugar, glucose |
how many bonds can oxygen have? | 2 |
adhesion | water attaches to other surfaces |
ionic bond | held by attraction between oppisitely charged ions |
proteins | chains of amino acids, enzymes and hormones |
lipids | very long chains of fatty acids, waxes, oils and liquids |
nucleic acids | chains of nucleotides in a spiral, nucleotide, genetic info, DNA and RNA |
glucose | C6 H1 06 |
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