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chapter 2 and three
3.o terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organic compound | made primarily of carbon atoms |
| functional group | clusters of atom in an organic compound |
| monomer | carbon compounds built up from smaller molecules |
| polymer | a molecule that consists of repeated, linked units |
| macromolecule | large polymers |
| condensation reaction | monomers link to form polymers |
| hydrolysis | water is used to break down a polymer |
| adenosine triphosphate | energy available to cells that stores a large amount of energy |
| carbohydrate | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom |
| monosaccharide | a monomer of a carbohydrate |
| disaccharide | two monosaccharides can combine in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar |
| polysacharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides |
| protein | organic compounds mainly of carbon |
| amino acid | form proteins from the linkage of monomers |
| peptide bond | two amino acids form a covalent bond |
| polypeptide | amino acids that create a long chain |
| enzyme | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalyzed |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed |
| active site | an enzymes folds |
| lipid | large, non-popular organic molecules |
| fatty acid | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |
| phospholipid | have two, rather than three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol |
| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain |
| steroid | composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |
| nucleic acid | very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | contains information that determines the chararistics of an organism and directs its cell activities |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | stores and tranfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins |
| nucleotide | made of three main components: a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a ring shaped nitrogenous base |
| functional group | two or three atoms at either end of an organic molecule, influence the chararistics of the molecules they form. |
| single bond | C2H6 |
| covalent bond | strongest bond, two elements share one or moreouter elctrons, example is H2O |
| copounds | two or more elements, chemical bonds formed or broken to change them-requires chemical change to form them |
| single bond | shares 2 electrons, strong |
| hydrolysis | adding water to something to break it apart |
| empirical formula | kinds and number of each atom |
| triple bond | 6 electrons are shared, very strong bond |
| double bond | C2H4 |
| how many bonds can hydrogen have? | 1 |
| double bond | 4 electrons are shared, strong bond |
| triple bond | C2H2 |
| structural formula | kinds of atoms, shape of molecule and bonds |
| acid range | 1-6 |
| how many bonds can carbon have? | 4 |
| cohesion | water attches to itself |
| hydrogen bonding | weakest of bonds, most common, partially positive attracts a negative atom from another molecule |
| base range | 8-14 |
| how many bonds can nitrogen have? | 3 |
| capallarity | waters ability to move up a narrow tube |
| carbon element | 4 electrons, wants four more so it forms 4 covalent bonds |
| carbohydtates | molecules made from glucose, primary energy source, sugar, glucose |
| how many bonds can oxygen have? | 2 |
| adhesion | water attaches to other surfaces |
| ionic bond | held by attraction between oppisitely charged ions |
| proteins | chains of amino acids, enzymes and hormones |
| lipids | very long chains of fatty acids, waxes, oils and liquids |
| nucleic acids | chains of nucleotides in a spiral, nucleotide, genetic info, DNA and RNA |
| glucose | C6 H1 06 |
Created by:
Laurel Desrosiers
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