Question | Answer |
Serotonin | Regulates mood, anxiety, and appetite. |
Dopamine | Regulates energy, reward, motivation, mood, and attention |
Norepinephrine | Regulates mood, alertness, concentration, and energy. |
GABA | Regulates anxiety and sleep. |
Glutamine | Regulates memory and learning |
Acetylcholine | Regulates memory and attentiveness |
Akathesia, Akinesia, oculogyric crisis, dystonia, TD tardive dyskinesia, pseudoparkinsonism | Extrapyramidal symptoms |
Ataxia | Generalized disturbance of muscle coordination |
Choreoatheotic movements | Involuntary wave-like movements of the extremities. |
Depression results from a deficiency of neuronal and synaptic catecholamines--primarily norepinephrine | biogenic amine hypothesis |
The reduced concentration of serotonin is the predisposing factor in patients with affective disorders. Derpession=decreases in both seratonin and catecholamine. Mania=increased dopamine and norepinephrine & decreased serotonin | Permissive hypothesis (lead to the creation of SSRIs) |
High fever, unstable BP, myoglobinemia. Slow, steady increase of temperature and spikes of BP, +20 mmHg in some cases. | s/s neuroleptic malignant syndrome. May be caused by antipsychotics. |
Discontinue antipsychotic therapy and administer benztropine (Cogentin), trihexyphenidyl (Artane), or benedryl | Treatment for NMS |
Involuntary motor symptoms similar to those associated with Parkinson's disease; also known as pseudoparkinsonism. | Extrapyrimidal symptoms. May be caused by antipsychotics, especially with long-term use. |
Akathisia | Distressing motor restlessness characterized by feelings of weakness and muscle fatigue |
Dystonia | Painful muscle spasms manifested by torticollis and rolling back of the eyes |
Involuntary contractions of oral and facial muscles and choreoathetosis | Tardive dyskinesia |
Psuedoparkinsonism | A side effect of antipsychotic drugs characterized by mask-like facies, pill rolling tremors, muscle rigidity |
Tardive dyskinesia | manifested by lip smacking, wormlike movement of the tongue |