Term | Definition |
Steps to Bacterial DNA replication (1-5) | 1)proteins binding to dnaA boxes cause tension that opens up AT rich regions
2)Helicase unzips
3)Topoisomerase relieves supercoiling
4)Single stranded binding proteins keep strands seperated
5)primase creates primers |
Steps to Bacterial DNA replication (6-9) | 6)DNA pol III adds nucleotides to 3' end of primers
7)DNA pol I replaces RNA with DNA
8) Ligase covalently bonds fragments
9) Termination |
Steps to Eukaryotic DNA replication | 1)ORC binds to origin of replication
2)MCM helicase unzips DNA
3)DNA pol alpha creates primers
4)DNA pol delta elongates lagging strand
5)DNA pol epsilon elongates leading strand
6)flap endonuclease removes primers
7)ligase binds fragments |
Eukaryotic chromosomes | linear
~10,s to 100's mbp
~1000's genes per
multipile origins of rep
multiple kinds
centromeres/telomeres |
Ploidy | # of kinds of chromosomes |
Gamete | Haploid sex cell |
Variation | Differences between individuals in a particular trait |
Allele | Version of a gene |
Who discovered DNA | Watson, Crick, and Franklin |
Monomers of nucleic acid | Nucleotides |
Nucleoid | Nucleus like region in prokaryotes |
Bacterial Chromosomes | Circular
~1 mbp
~1000 genes per
one type
one origin of rep
supercoiling |
Hershey & Chase | DNA is a hereditary molecule
E coli infected wth radioisotope |
Gene | sequence of nucleotides with information to create a functional product (RNA/polypeptide) |
Meiosis | sexual reproduction
eukaryotes only
4 genetically different daughter cells |
Purines | Adenine and Guanine |
Pyrimadines | Thymine and Cytosine |
Nucleoside vs nucleotide | without phosphate: nucleoside |
Mitosis | Growth, tissue repair, asexual reproduction
eukaryotes only
2 genetically identical daughter cells |
Eukaryotes vs bacteria | Membrane bounds organelles
Chromosomes
plasmids |
Similarities in E and B | membranes
ribosomes
cytosol/cytoplasm
DNA |
Chargaff's rule | A with T and G with C |
stages of meiosis | prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis |
Griffith | DNA can be transformed by other DNA
Living and dead pathogenic/ non pathogenic bacteria |
Avery, Mcleod, and McCarty | DNA is a transforming molecule
Only mixed with nucleic acids = pathogenic |