Term | definition |
Kingdom Protista | collective classification of unicellular eukaryotic organisms |
Protozoologists | zoologists specializing in protozoans |
Classification based on: | type of nuclei, mode of reproduction, mechanism of locomotion |
Intracellular specialization | division of labor within the cell |
Pellicle | regular arrangement of microtubules underlying the plasma membrane |
Ectoplasm | region beneath pellicle |
Endoplasm | inner cytoplasm |
Somatic cells | any cell that differentiates into tissues, organs, ect. |
Reproductive cells | responsible for reprocution only |
Nutritional levels | autotrophic, heterotrophic, saprotrophic |
Asymmetry | disproportional |
Symmetry | similarity of form or arrangement on either side of a dividing line or plane |
Pseudopodia | strands of cytoplasm extending from cell |
Cilia | short hair-like projections |
Flagella | long, whip-like structures |
Direct cell movement | body flexion |
Endoskeleton | internal skeleton |
Exoskeleton | external skeleton |
Habitat | aquatic, terrestrial, symbiotic |
Binary Fission | production of two cells of approxiamately the same size, equal cytoplasm division |
Budding | unequal cytoplasmic division |
Multiple Fission | large number of daughter cells formed from the division of a single protozoan |
Schizogony | another name for mutiple fission |
Conjugation | two cells fuse forming a single cell and exchange genetic information |
Isogametes | daughter cells formed from conjugation |
Intermediate host | harbors the immature stages of a parasite |
Definitive host | harbors the sexual stage of a parasite |
Dinoflagellates | golden-brown algae, contain chlorophyll and xanthophyll, marine |
Gymnodinium | Genus of dinoflagellates often responsible for Red Tide, marine |
Euglena | common freshwater Genus of flagellates, photosynthetic, 1 flagellum |
Volvox | common freshwater Genus of flagellates, colonial, 2 flagella |
Trypanosoma | Genus of flagellates, causes African Trypanosomiasis or "sleeping sickness" |
Giardia | Genus of flagellates, causes Giardiasis or "backpacker's disease" |
Amoeba, Arcella, Entamoeba | Genera, examples of Rhizopoda |
Test | another name for shell left behind by microscopic protozoans |
Globigerina | one Genus of Foraminiferida which accumulates on the ocean floor |
Globigerina Ooze | marine sediments composed mainly of Globigerina |
Phylum Sarcomastigophora | largest group, locomotion-flagella, pseudopodia, or both, macronucleus |
Subphyla Mastigophora | one or more flagella, asexual, binary fission |
Class Phytomastigophorea | autotrophic, 1 or 2 flagella |
Class Zoomastigophorea | heterotrophic or saprotrophic, one or more flagella, solitary or parasitic |
Subphylum Sarcodina | pseudopodia, naked or internal/external test, mostly free living, asexual, binary fission |
Superclass Rhizopoda | pseudopodia, free living or parasitic |
Superclass Actinopoda | planktonic, marine, calcium carbonate or silicate test |
Order Foraminiferida | mostly marine, planktonic or benthic, calcium carbonate test |
Order Radiolaria | marine, planktonic, siliceous test, oldest group |
Phylum Ciliophora | bears cilia, two types of nuclei, reproduce by fission, budding, gamates or conjugation |
Macronucleus | responsible for vegetative functions |
Micronucleus | responsible for reproduction |
Paramecium, Stentor, Vorticella | genera, examples of phylum ciliophora |
Contractile vacuole | used for osmoregulation in fresh water protists |
Phylum Labyrinthomorpha | small group living on algae, mostly marine or estaurine |
Phylum Apicomplexa | all species are parasitic, use direct cell movement |
Plasmodium | uses Anopheles mosquito as intermediate host, causes Malaria in definitive host (humans) |
Toxoplasma | causes Toxoplasmosis, pregnant women cautioned not to empty litterboxes of cats or eat raw meat |
Phylum Myxozoa | parasites of lower vertebrates, especially fish |
Phylum Microspora | parasites of invertebrates, especially arthropods |
Phylum Ciliophora | macronucleus and micronucleus; cilia;fission, budding, gametes, or conjugation; free, commensalistic, or parasitic |
Phylum Labyrinthomorpha | small group living on algae; mostly marine or estuarine |
Phylum Apicomplexa | cilia and flagella absent, use direct cell movement; endoparasitic in oysters and other invertebrates and vertebrates |
Plasmodium | Genus of ciliates responsible for Malaria |
Toxoplasma | Genus of ciliates; intestinal parasite primarily in cats |
Phylum Myxozoa | parasites of lower vertebrates like fish |
Phylum Microspora | parasites of invertebrates, especially arthropods |
Paramecium | Genus of ciliates; primary example |