Term | Definition |
Divergent Boundries | Places where tectonic plates move apart |
AOB is growing and POB is shrinking | Compare Atlantic Ocean Basin to Pacific Ocean Basin |
Rift valley | Results from divergence of continental crust |
Divergent Boundry | Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of __________. |
Subducted | When oceanic crust converges with continental crust the oceanic crust is __________. |
Black Smoker | Hydrothermal vents emitting water at greater than 350 degrees Cel. rich in dark metallic sulfides |
Mid-Ocean Ridge | World's longest under water chain |
Fossils, rock formations, and coastlines | Wegner based his teory of continental drift on this... |
Marinas Trench | The deepest point in the ocean |
Open field, where nothing can fall on you | The safest place to go during an earthquake |
Radioactivity from the mantle | The origin of the heat from convection within the Earth. |
Less dense than the oceanic crust | Reason why the continental crust floats higher in the mantle than the oceanic crust. |
Composed of mantle material below the lithosphere | Composition of the asthenosphere |
Secondary waves | Type of seismic wave that can only travel through solid |
Sea Satellite | Used to see cross sectional views of the underwater land features |
Mid-Ocean Ridge is spreading in the center, is the largest mountain chain, and the oldest mountain chain | Three things about the Mid-Ocean Ridge |
Fecal pellets from marine animals | Increases the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean |
Hydrogenous | Term for sediments that are produced as a result of chemical reaction in seawater. |
Drilling | Method most often used to investigate sediment and rock layers below seafloor. |
Island | Term for a seamount that breaks the water's surface. |
Atlantic type margin and a passive margin | Name for continental margin with no recent seismic activity |
Shelf, slope, and rise | Composition of the continental margin. |
Fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll | Order of development of reefs from the earliest to the latest |
Calcium carbonate | Composition of foraminifera |
Erosion by turbidity currents | What most likely formed submarine canyons |
Hydrogen bonding and surface tension | Chemical property of water and/or physical characteristic that causes solid objects to stay supported on network of H2O molecules. |
Pycnocline | When density changes rapidly with a corresponding change in depth |
Heat capacity | Term that measures the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance 1 degree C. |
A decrease in salinity and increase in temperature | Causes seawater's density to decrease |
7.8 -- 8.3 | Standard pH for ocean water |
Shadow Zone | Region where very little sound energy penetrates |
Blue | Color of light that moves farthest through seawater |
Colligative properties | Properties that change with salinity |
A buffer | Substance that acts to stabilize the pH of any given substance |
Percipitation | Process where water vapor condenses into liquid water |
Electrical conductivity | Method for measuring salinity and total dissolved solids by measuring how well a current of electrons moves through the solution. |
Nitrogen | Gas in seawater that must be fixed into useful chemical forms by specialized organisms in order to be used by animals. |
Surface tension | What property allows some insects to glide across the water |
Horse latitude | The weakest winds. |
Low pressure cells | The kind of pressure cells that build up during hurricanes |
Upwelling | When cold, nutrient rich water moves from ocean depths to the surface |
Antarctica, Ellesmere Island, and Greenland | Where large glaciers are found |
Typhoons | What hurricanes are caused by in the Pacific and Indian Ocean |
Trade winds | Type of winds that are found between the zone of the equator and 30 degrees lat. |
Pack, polar, and fast ice | Three types of sea ice |
Westerlies | Type of winds that are found between the zone of 30 degrees and 60 degrees latitude. |
Respiration | Process that burning fossil fuels are chemically similar to |
El Nino | What happens when trade winds in the Pacific basin weakens |
Kyoto Protocol | Agreement 60 nations signed to limit greenhouse gas emissions |
Wet and warm | What maritime tropical air mass is like |
Trade winds | Strongest winds on earth |
Right | Direction winds veer in Northern Hemisphere due to Coriolis effect |
Speed = wavelength/period | Formula for wave speed |
one high and one low tides | Type of tides in area with diurnal tides |
Wind direction, fetch, and wind speed | What the height of a wave depends on... |
Orbital waves | Type of waves that are water waves |
Constructive makes large waves and destructive makes small waves | Type of waves that constructive interference causes verses type destructive inference causes |
Neap tide | Type of tides during the time of half moon in November |
1/2 the wavelength | What a deep water wave must be deeper than |
Beach, dunes, shrubs, forest, marsh, tidal flats, sound | Order of environment seen walking from ocean landward across barrier island. |
Period = Time/Rate | Formula for period of water waves |
Speed = length/period | Formula for speed of water waves |
Frequency = waves/time | Formula for frequency of water waves |
fetch | Uninterrupted distance over which wind blows without much changing in direction. |
Steepness | Ratio of wave height to the wavelength |
Terrestrial has largest biomass tonnage and marine has the faster turnover time | Environment that produces greater biomass tonnage and environment that has fastest turnover time |
Chemosynthesis | Process that doesn't require light to create energy |
Nitrogen | Gas in seawater that must be "fixed" to be useful chemical form |
Ectothermic | Term that refers to cold blooded animals |
Stenohaline for narrow tolerance for salinity.
Eurythermal for broad range of temperatures | Terms used to describe the following organism: Narrow tolerance for change in salinity but can adapt to a wide range of temperatures |
Mutualistic relationship | when two organisms of different species "work together," each benefiting from the relationship. |
Sessile | Term for an organism that permanently attaches itself to the substrate |
Species Specific Relationship | Name for exclusive symbiotic relationship that develops between two different species. |
Trophic pyramid | Shows description of feeding relationships and how they impact each other |
Metabolic rate | Rat at which energy-releasing reactions proceed within an organism |
Complex interaction with species and wide variety of species | What high biodiversity within a community indicates |
Between high and low tides | Where you would find intertidal zones |
N2 + 4H2 --> 2NH3 + H2 | Formula for ammonification of nitrogen |
No hair and no external ears | Two things marine animals lack that help them become good swimmers |
Jet propulsion | What a nautilus uses for movement |
Flexible ribs | Prevents many marine animals from getting the bends when they dive |
High tide ONLY | Tide the California grunion comes ashore to breed |
Inferior with mouth down-turned or on the bottom of head | Shape of mouth grazers of bottom dwelling scavengers have |
Caudal | Fins used for moving fast in the ocean |
Anadromous | Type of fish that spawns in freshwater but lives mostly in the ocean |
Oviparous | Type of fish that lay eggs |
Skin is so sensitive; could not survive in salt water | Reason amphibians (frogs, salamanders, etc.) do NOT live in the ocean |
Solar energy | Most common alternative energy |
12 miles | Distance from shore the UN designated as territorial waters |
Boat propellers | Linked to deaths of manatees |
By catch or by kill | Terms of an animal that is caught by accident but killed on purpose |
Aquaculture | Term for raising and breeding fish for commercial use |
TED (Turtle excluder device) | Term of a by-catch reduction invention that lowers risk of turtles being accidentally caught. |
Winter beaches are more narrower because of the greater wave action in winter | How summer and winter beaches compare |
Influence climate of India, caused by seasonal shifts of prevailing winds, and can bring large amounts of water causing floods | Three characteristics of Monsoons |
Shipping of oil | Largest source of ocean oil pollution |
Exon Valdez in 1989 and BP Gulf Sill in 2010 | Name of one of the largest oil spills in America off coast of Alaska in 1989 and name of the second largest oil spill in world that happened in 2010. |