Question | Answer |
Nucleotide | Small units that make up DNA. |
Double Helix | Two strands of DNA that wind around each other. |
Base Pairing Rules | Thymine with Adenine, Cytosine with Guanine. |
Replication | The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle. |
DNA Polymerase | Bond nucleotides together. |
Central Dogma | States that information flows in one direction. |
RNA | A chain of nucleotides made of sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. |
Transcription | The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA. |
RNA Polymerase | Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule. |
Messenger RNA | An intermediate message that is translated to form a protein. |
Ribosomal RNA | Forms part of ribosomes, a cell's protein factories. |
Transfer RNA | Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein. |
Translation | The process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide. |
Codon | Code an amino acid chain. |
Stop Codon | Signal the end of an amino acid chain. |
Start Codon | Signal the start of translation and an amino acid chain methionine. |
Anticodon | A set of three nucleotides that are complementary to an mRNA codon. |