Question | Answer |
Branch of biology concerned with identifying, describing, and naming organisms. | Taxonomy |
The scientific name of an organism, the first part of which designates the genus and the second part of which designates the specific epithet. | Binomial nomenclature |
Why are the scientific names in Latin? | The natural groups classification reflects the evolutionary history of organisms and the development of DNA sequencing helped create more accurate classifications. |
List the classification Hierarchy | Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species |
Which is the most inclusive and least inclusive of the classification hierarchy? | Most Inclusive: Domain
Least Inclusive: Species |
List the 3 domains and the four kingdoms in one of the domains. | Domains: Bacteria
Archeae
Eukarya: Plant
Animal
Protists
Fungi |
Traits that are found in a common ancestor and its descendants. | Ancestral traits |
Structural, physiological, or behavioral trait that is present in a specific lineage and is not present in the common ancestor for several related lineages. | Derived traits |
A diagram that indicates common ancestors and lines of descent among a group of organisms | Phylogenetic tree |
A structure that is similar in different types of organisms because these organisms are from a common ancestor. | Homologous structure |
Structure that has a similar function in separate lineages but differs in anatomy and ancestry. | Analogous structure |
What three traits are used to categorize a virus? | Capsid: outer layer some enveloped by membrane; others naked
Nucleic acid pore: DNA or RNA
Shape: polyhedral, helical, spherical |
What is an obligate intercellular parasite? | Viruses, which cannot replicate outside a living cell |
What is a bacteriophage? | Viruses that infect bacterial cells |
The virus takes over the operation of the bacterium immediately upon entering it and subsequently destroys the bacterium. | Lytic cycle |
The virus incorporates its DNA into that of a bacterium; occurs preliminary to the lytic cycle | Lysogenic cycle |
What are the five stages of the lytic cycle? | 1. Attachment
2. Penetration
3. Biosynthesis
4. Maturation
5. Release |
Organism that lacks a membrane bound nucleus and the membranous organelles typical of eukaryotes. Movement by some type of flagella | Prokaryote |
Extrachromosomal ring of accessory DNA in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. | Plasmid |
How do bacteria replicate? | Binary fission |
Three methods of genetic recombination | 1. Conjugation
2. Transformation
3. Transduction |
Three shapes of bacteria | Spirillum (spiral shaped)
Bacilli (rod-shaped)
Cocci (spherical) |
Decomposers that break down organic matter from dead organisms | Saprotroph |
What is another term for a parasite that causes a disease? | Pathogen |
What type of bacteria is photoautotrophic? | Cyanobacteria |
Three types of living conditions of archaea (extremophiles) | 1. Methanogens (obligate anaerobes) found in swamps, marshes, intestinal tracts
2. Halophiles: require high salt concentrations
3. Thermoacidophiles: thrive in extremely hot, acidic environments (hot springs, geysers, thermal vents, and volcanoes. |
What type of green algae uses conjugation tubes? | Spirogyra |
Used to make agar, capsules for vitamins, anti drying agent for baked goods, jellies, and desserts to set rapidly. | Red algae |
Used filtering agents, sound proofing materials, and polishing abrasives such as those found in silver polish and toothpaste. | Diatoms |
"Red tide". Causes massive fish kills, releases powerful neurotoxin (saxitoxin), can cause shellfish poisoning (respiratory paralysis) | Overgrowth of dinoflagellates |
Micro-nucleus is used for in ciliates (paramecium)? | Reproduction |
Macro-nucleus is used for in ciliates (paramecium)? | Metabolism |
What organism is responsible for Malaria? | Plasmodium |
What organism is responsible for Toxoplasmosis? | Toxoplasma (apicomplexan) |
What organism is responsible for Vaginitis? | Parabasalids |