Term | Definition |
Prokaryotes | Do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
BACTERIA |
Eukaryotes | Have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. |
Cytoplasm | Jelly like substance enclosed in by the plasma membrane. |
Nucleus | Contains the cell's DNA. Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. |
Nucleolus | Makes ribosomes. Found inside the nucleus. |
Ribosomes | Manufactures proteins. |
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus | Stacks of flattened sacs. Packages up proteins and puts them in sacs called vesicles. |
Mitochondria | Breaks down sugars to supply the body with energy. Known as the Powerhouse of the cell. |
Centrioles | Organelles made of microtubules (protein) that function during cell division. |
Lysosome | Contains digestive enzymes and breaks down food and worn out cell parts. |
Cell Membrane | Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell. Selectively permeable. |
Cell Wall | Gives structure and shape to plant and bacterial cells. Called the non-living layer of the cell. |
Chloroplast | Contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Traps sunlight to make sugar (food). |
Cytoskeleton | A supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles. |
Vacuoles | A membrane bound sac used for temporary storage of food, enzymes, or waste. |
Cilia | Short, numerous projections that look like hairs and are used to help the cell move around its environment. |
Flagella | A long whip like structure used for movement. |
Cytoplasm | In a typical animal cell, which component contains the greatest amount of water? |
Cell Theory | 1) All living things are made up of cells.
2) All cells come from existing cells.
3) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. |
Robert Hooke | Observed a thin slice of cork under a microscope and called the structures he observed cells. |