Definition | Term |
Chart showing the pattern of inheritance of a trait through generations in a family | Pedigree |
Repeated section of a chromsome | Duplication |
Structural rearrangement of a chromosome in which part of the DNA becomes oriented in the reverse direction | Inversion |
Structural change in a chromosome in which a broken piece gets reattached to the wrong location | Translocation |
Segment of DNA that can move spontaneously within or between chromosomes | Transposable Element |
Having too many or too little copies of a particular chromosome | Aneuploid |
Failure of sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to separate during nuclear division | Nondisjunction |
Having 3 or more of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species | Polyploid |
A DNA molecule that accepts foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell | Cloning Vector |
A DNA material that contains genetic material from more than one organism | Recombinant DNA |
An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence | Restriction Enzyme |
Collection of cells that host different fragments of foreign DNA, often representing an organism's entire genome | DNA Library |
The entire genetic material of an organism | Genome |
Method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific section of DNA | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
Short fragment of DNA labeled with a tracer; designed to hybridize with a nucleotide of interest. | Probe |
Technique that separates DNA fragments by size | Electrophoresis |
Primary structure of a macromolecule | Sequencing |
Identifying an individual by analyzing the unique parts of his or her DNA | DNA Profiling |
One nucleotide sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population | Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism |
Process by which deliberate changes are introduced into an individual's genome. | Genetic Engineering |
An organism that has been modified genetically | Genetically Modified Organism |
A GMO that carries the gene(s) of a different species | Transgenic |
Treating a genetic defect/disorder by replacing it with a normal or modified gene | Gene Therapy |