Question | Answer |
1. Stimulus | something that incites an action or reaction |
2. Dendrite | the branching part of the neuron that transmits impulses |
3. Axon | the part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body |
4. Synapse | area where nerve impulses are transmitted and received; between axon of one neuron & dendrites of next |
5. Neurotransmitter | chemical substance that transmits impulse across a synapse |
6. Central nervous system | the part of the nervous system made up of the brain & spinal column |
7. Peripheral nervous system | part of the nervous system outside of the brain & spinal column |
8. Cerebrum | the anterior & largest part of the brain which controls voluntary movement & coordinates mental actions |
9. Cerebellum | large part of brain that coordinates involuntary movements, posture & balance |
10. Medulla oblongata | lowest part of brain, continuous with spinal cord; controls heart & lungs |
11. Somatic nervous system | part of NS responsible for sensation & control of skeletal muscles |
12. Reflex | involuntary response to a stimulus; ex blinking, pulling hand away |
13. Autonomic reflex system | controls heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, glands & their involuntary functions |
14. Sympathetic nervous system | Controls responses of body to stressful situations |
15. Parasympathetic nervous system | Controls the functions of the body associated with rest and digestion |
16. Gland | group of cells producing a secretion |
17. Endocrine glands | Secretions or hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream |
18. Hypothalamus | located in brain and regulates pituitary gland |
19. Pituitary gland | master gland that influences other glands |
20. Target cell | cell selectively affected by a particular agent such as a virus, drug or hormone. |
21. Receptor | neurons specialized to be sensitive to sensory agents |
22. Negative feedback mechanism | Negative feedback is a reaction that causes a decrease in function because of some kind of stimulus |
23. Adrenal gland | Regulates the body's response to stress, metabolism, the immune system, and sexual function; located on top of kidneys |
24. Thyroid gland | Controls basal metabolism; As thyroid hormone levels increase, so does the speed at which chemical reactions occur in your body |
25. Parathyroid glands | Regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood; Necessary for blood clotting, nerve function, growth of bones and teeth |
26. Sensory neuron | receives the stimulus (heat, texture, odor, etc…) |
27. Motor neuron | responds to messages from the brain & spinal column |