Question | Answer |
what is an aseptic technique? | technique designed to minimize growth of unwanted microorganisms |
what are the precautions you take to minimize the growth of unwanted microbes? | wear a lab coat, work close to a Bunsen burner, limit time the agar plates are open, disinfect surfaces and equipment. |
what does every cell culture need? | Cell culture requires an appropriate liquid or solid medium such as nutrient agars (solids) or broths (liquid) in which the cell can grow and divide. |
How are microorganisms grown on an industrial scale? | Micro organisms are grown in industry on a large scale in container called a fermenter. |
What factors need to be controlled in cell culture? | In cell culture factors such as temperature, pH and oxygen levels are controlled to ensure optimal growth of cells. |
How do you disinfect the fermenter after use? | Sterilise the fermenter by heating fermenter to 120˚C at high pressure for 20 minutes. |
Where is the genetic information kept in the cell and how is it organised? | The nucleus of living cells contain genetic information organised into chromosomes |
What are chromosomes made up of? | Chromosomes are made up DNA divided into regions called genes. |
What substance are genes made up of? | DNA is a complex substance that forms the genes of all living organisms. |
What does DNA code for? | DNA carries the genetic information coding for proteins. |
What is the shape of DNA? | A single DNA molecule is coiled into a double stranded helix. |
What are three parts a DNA nucleotide is made up of? | DNA nucleotides are made up of 3 parts; deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and bases. |
What are the four types of DNA bases? | There are four different types of bases known as Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C). |
What keeps the two strands of DNA together? | The strands of the DNA helix are held by bonds between complementary bases on each strand. |
How do DNA bases pair with each other? | Base A only pairs with T and base G only pairs with C. |
What does the sequence of bases code for? | The sequence of bases A, T G and C make up the genetic code for proteins by coding for amino acids. |