Question | Answer |
complementary base pairing | either of the nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA |
DNA helicase | DNA helicases are essential during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied. |
DNA polymerase | The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides |
recombinant DNA | DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms. |
replication | Copying a strand of DNA to replicate it |
semi-conservative replication | Semi-conservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand. |
anti-codon | a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. |
codon | a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. |
DNA sequence | the nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells |
elongation | The tRNA transfers an amino acid to the tRNA corresponding to the next codon |
environmental mutagen | a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material |
genetic disorder | a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome |
initiation | involves the small subunit of the ribosome binding to the 5' end of mRNA |
messenger RNA | the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome. |
mutation | the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations |
termination | Ending the sequence |
transcription | the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA |
transfer RNA | RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome. |
translation | the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins |