Question | Answer |
genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
dominant gene | the strong gene, if it is present whatever it is representing will show |
hybrid | two different genes for a given trait |
genotype | gene combination for a given trait |
phenotype | outward appearance of the genotype |
girls can only hold... | x chromosomes |
boys can hold both... | y and x chromosomes |
sex linked trait | traits that are carried on the x chromosomes of the 23 par of the double helix |
sex linked traits cannot be on the... | y chromosome |
incomplete dominance | AKA co dominance; the situation where more than one gene is dominant for a given trait |
in incomplete dominance... | one gene cannot over power the other |
traits are passed from... | parent to offspring |
gene traits determine... | traits |
genes will always be inherited... | in pairs |
genes are either... | dominant or ressessive |
meiosis | cell division of gametes resulting in half the # of chromosomes |
DNA | deroxyribo nucleic acid |
double helix | the twisted ladder structure that human DNA takes |
a only pairs with... | t |
c only pairs with | g |
mutation | mistake in DNA |
mutigan | anything that causes a mutation |
internal mutation | caused when the pairs are replicated wrong |
inherited disease | passed to the offspring genetically ex. hemophilia |
selective breeding | pick the traits that you like from the parent generation and breed |
gene transfer | moving a single gene from one organism to another |
why gene transfer bacteria? | reproduce quickly, easy to work with, inexpensive |
splice | using enzymes to remove a gene from a chromosome |
recombinant DNA | mixing DNA from different sources to create an entirely new organism |
cloning | the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of an other |
SCNT | somatic cell nuclear transfer |
somatic cell nuclear transfer | in SCNT there is no mixing in DNA |
mRNA | messenger RNA; carries message as to what protein is needed |
tRNA | transfer RNA; arranges the protein chain to create what was ordered by mRNA |
karyotype | gene map done by a genetisist that can tell if there disorder or gender |
cell | the basic unit of life |
cell --> tissue --> organs --> ___ --> ___ | systems --> organism |
Robert Hooke | coined the word "cell". Also the first person to view cells under a microscope |
vonLeewonhock | first to view animal cells under a microscope |
spontaneous generation | mistaken belief that life can arise from a nonliving source |
Louis Pastur | demonstrated that new bacteria grew only with existing bacteria |
cell theory1 | all living things have cells |
cell theory2 | cells are the basic unit of function and structure in a living thing |
cell theory3 | cells can only come from other living cells |
reproduction | |