Question | Answer |
Atom | The smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element. |
Proton | Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of atoms. They have a mass of 1 amu. |
Neutron | Neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus of atoms. They have a mass of 1 amu. |
Electron | Negatively charged particle found in the space outside of the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of 1/1,836 of a proton. |
Element | A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom. |
Electron Configuration | Describes the probable location of an electron associated with an atom. |
Ion | A charged particle. In atoms, it is due to an imbalance in protons and electrons in the atom. |
Isotopes | Atoms containing different numbers of neutrons. |
Atomic number | Describes the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
Atomic mass number | Described the number of protons and neutrons combined in the nucleus of an atom. |
Atomic mass | The amount of matter in a single atom. |
Pure Substance | Material made up of only one type of atom or compound. |
Compound | A pure substance composed of two or more elements whose composition is constant |
Colloid | A mixture made up of medium sized solute particles which disperse indefinitely within the solute. Colloids scatter light, but they are not filterable. |
Solution | A mixture made up of smallest solute particles. Solutions are non-filterable, do not scatter light, and do not settle out over time. |
Suspension | A mixture made up of the largest solute particles. Particles in a suspension scatter light, settle out over time, and are filterable. |
Organic | Refers to molecules that are the product of biological processes. They contain the element carbon (C). |
Passive Transport | Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy. |
Active transport | Movement of particles which requires the use of energy. Proteins or other specialized surface structures are required for active transport. |
Equilibrium | When a dynamic system reaches the point where forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate. In membrane transport it is a condition when solutes are kept in balance. |
Solute | Substance in a solution that is dissolved in a solvent. |
Solvent | Substance in a solution that does the dissolving. |
Osmosis | The simple diffusion of water |
Simple Diffusion | Passive transport of solutes across a membrane without the use of surface proteins |
Facilitated Diffusion | Passive transport of solutes across a membrane using channel proteins |
Endocytosis | The process of taking substances into a cell by surrounding it with the cell membrane. |
Exocytosis | The process in which vesicles in the cytoplasm fuse with the plasma membrane to release contents out of cell. |
Metabolism | The total of all chemical reactions in an organism. |
Respiration | The process of releasing energy from glucose with the use of oxygen. Releases 36 ATP per glucose molecule. |
Fermentation | The process of releasing energy from glucose with the use of oxygen. Releases 2 ATP per glucose. |
Enzyme | A substance that regulates the rate of a chemical reaction. |