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LS LSAF Chapter 3

Atoms, Membrane Transport, Mixtures

QuestionAnswer
Atom The smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element.
Proton Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of atoms. They have a mass of 1 amu.
Neutron Neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus of atoms. They have a mass of 1 amu.
Electron Negatively charged particle found in the space outside of the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of 1/1,836 of a proton.
Element A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom.
Electron Configuration Describes the probable location of an electron associated with an atom.
Ion A charged particle. In atoms, it is due to an imbalance in protons and electrons in the atom.
Isotopes Atoms containing different numbers of neutrons.
Atomic number Describes the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic mass number Described the number of protons and neutrons combined in the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic mass The amount of matter in a single atom.
Pure Substance Material made up of only one type of atom or compound.
Compound A pure substance composed of two or more elements whose composition is constant
Colloid A mixture made up of medium sized solute particles which disperse indefinitely within the solute. Colloids scatter light, but they are not filterable.
Solution A mixture made up of smallest solute particles. Solutions are non-filterable, do not scatter light, and do not settle out over time.
Suspension A mixture made up of the largest solute particles. Particles in a suspension scatter light, settle out over time, and are filterable.
Organic Refers to molecules that are the product of biological processes. They contain the element carbon (C).
Passive Transport Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy.
Active transport Movement of particles which requires the use of energy. Proteins or other specialized surface structures are required for active transport.
Equilibrium When a dynamic system reaches the point where forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate. In membrane transport it is a condition when solutes are kept in balance.
Solute Substance in a solution that is dissolved in a solvent.
Solvent Substance in a solution that does the dissolving.
Osmosis The simple diffusion of water
Simple Diffusion Passive transport of solutes across a membrane without the use of surface proteins
Facilitated Diffusion Passive transport of solutes across a membrane using channel proteins
Endocytosis The process of taking substances into a cell by surrounding it with the cell membrane.
Exocytosis The process in which vesicles in the cytoplasm fuse with the plasma membrane to release contents out of cell.
Metabolism The total of all chemical reactions in an organism.
Respiration The process of releasing energy from glucose with the use of oxygen. Releases 36 ATP per glucose molecule.
Fermentation The process of releasing energy from glucose with the use of oxygen. Releases 2 ATP per glucose.
Enzyme A substance that regulates the rate of a chemical reaction.
Created by: MrGross
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