Term | Definition |
demography | scientific study of the sum of our individual acts as they affect measurements of the population |
vital statistics | population statistics like births, deaths, migration |
migration | movement from one country or region to another for the purpose of establishing a new residence |
immigration | migration into a country/region |
emigration | migration out of a country/region |
crude birth rate | number of live births per 1,000 people |
crude death rate | number of deaths per 1,000 people |
natural rate of increase | growth rate |
growth rate | surplus/deficit of births over deaths in a population in a given time period |
zero population growth (ZPG) | when births are equal to deaths, growth rate is 0, absolute numbers remain the same (assumes 0 net migrations—immigrants=emigrants) |
negative population growth (NPG) | deaths outnumber births, decline in absolute numbers |
doubling time | number of years it will take a population to double, assuming current growth rate reminds constant |
rule of 70 | 70 divided by the current annual growth rate yields the time it will take to double the population, if the growth rate remains constant |
fertility | actual bearing of offspring |
general fertility rate | number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age per year |
age-specific fertility rate | number of live births per 1,000 women of a specific age group per year, like girls aged 15-19 |
total fertility rate (TFR) | average number of children a woman will bear during her life, based on the current age-specific fertility rate, assuming that current birth rates remain constant throughout the woman’s lifetime |
age distribution | number of individuals of each sex and age from birth thru old age |
population profile | age structure histograph made from census data |
population momentum | occurs when there R lrg #s of kids living as fertility rates begin 2 drop ea generation after enter childbearing yrs is larger than preceding generation & bears more children overall even if ea set of new parents has fewer kids than parent of prev gen |
dependency load | number of dependents in the population (under 15, over 65) |
actual rate of increase | differs from natural rate of increase because it takes into account migration |
quality of life | standard of living |
standard of living | quality of life for the majority of ppl in a given population |
cultural carrying capacity | optimal size that the environment can sustain in perpetuity, with a given level of tech, standard of living and associated patterns of resurrect use |
environmental refugees | people forced to abandon their homes because the land can no longer support them |
population density | how closely ppl are grouped |
urbanization | rise in number and size of cities |
life expectancy | average number of years a newborn can be expected to live |
infant morality rate (IMR) | annual number of infants under age one who die per 1,000 live births |
childhood mortality rate | annual number of kids between 1-5 who die per 1,000 live births |
maternal mortality ratio | number of women’s deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth complications per 100,000 live births in a given year |