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BIO121-ch7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| demography | scientific study of the sum of our individual acts as they affect measurements of the population |
| vital statistics | population statistics like births, deaths, migration |
| migration | movement from one country or region to another for the purpose of establishing a new residence |
| immigration | migration into a country/region |
| emigration | migration out of a country/region |
| crude birth rate | number of live births per 1,000 people |
| crude death rate | number of deaths per 1,000 people |
| natural rate of increase | growth rate |
| growth rate | surplus/deficit of births over deaths in a population in a given time period |
| zero population growth (ZPG) | when births are equal to deaths, growth rate is 0, absolute numbers remain the same (assumes 0 net migrations—immigrants=emigrants) |
| negative population growth (NPG) | deaths outnumber births, decline in absolute numbers |
| doubling time | number of years it will take a population to double, assuming current growth rate reminds constant |
| rule of 70 | 70 divided by the current annual growth rate yields the time it will take to double the population, if the growth rate remains constant |
| fertility | actual bearing of offspring |
| general fertility rate | number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age per year |
| age-specific fertility rate | number of live births per 1,000 women of a specific age group per year, like girls aged 15-19 |
| total fertility rate (TFR) | average number of children a woman will bear during her life, based on the current age-specific fertility rate, assuming that current birth rates remain constant throughout the woman’s lifetime |
| age distribution | number of individuals of each sex and age from birth thru old age |
| population profile | age structure histograph made from census data |
| population momentum | occurs when there R lrg #s of kids living as fertility rates begin 2 drop ea generation after enter childbearing yrs is larger than preceding generation & bears more children overall even if ea set of new parents has fewer kids than parent of prev gen |
| dependency load | number of dependents in the population (under 15, over 65) |
| actual rate of increase | differs from natural rate of increase because it takes into account migration |
| quality of life | standard of living |
| standard of living | quality of life for the majority of ppl in a given population |
| cultural carrying capacity | optimal size that the environment can sustain in perpetuity, with a given level of tech, standard of living and associated patterns of resurrect use |
| environmental refugees | people forced to abandon their homes because the land can no longer support them |
| population density | how closely ppl are grouped |
| urbanization | rise in number and size of cities |
| life expectancy | average number of years a newborn can be expected to live |
| infant morality rate (IMR) | annual number of infants under age one who die per 1,000 live births |
| childhood mortality rate | annual number of kids between 1-5 who die per 1,000 live births |
| maternal mortality ratio | number of women’s deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth complications per 100,000 live births in a given year |
Created by:
tallzy14
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