Question | Answer |
metabolism | term used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
energy | the ability to move or change matter |
activation energy | the energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
reactant | starting material for chemical reaction |
product | newly formed substances |
synthesis | enzyme reacts with two substrates to build up one product |
degredation | enzyme reacts with single substrate breaking down into two products |
anabolic | building reaction |
catabolic | break down reaction |
enzyme | catalysts that lower activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction so chemical reactions can occur at low temperatures. increase speed of chemical reactions |
catalysts | chemicals that reduce the activation energy of the reaction |
exergonic | release of energy |
endogenic | absorption of energy |
substrate | substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction |
active site | the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds |
lock and key | enzymes active site has a particular shape into which the substrate or substrates fit exactly |
induced fit | the active site in many enzymes is not exactly the same shape as the substrate but molds itself around the substrate as the enzyme substrate complex is formed |
denatured | bonds that maintain enzyme structure are broken |
limiting factors | any factor that directly affects a process if its quantity is changed |
inhibitors | slow down or stop enzyme reaction |
competitive inhibitors | block the active site and stop the substrate from getting in there |
non-competitive inhibitors | bind to enzyme (but not the active site) and cause active site to change shape |
allosteric enzymes | enzymes that accept non-competitive inhibitors |
allosteric site | where a signal molecule (inhibitor) can fit |
irreversible inhibitors | bind permanently to the enzyme rendering it useless. stop enzymatic activity permanently |
feedback inhibition | the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as a signal molecule and comes in contact with the first enzymes allosteric enzyme to shut down the pathway |