Term | Definition |
antiseptic | free from or cleaned of germs and other microorganisms; chemicals on living tissue
(Joseph Lister) |
asespsis | state of being free from disease causing contaminants |
bacteriacidal | any substance capable of killing bacteria |
bacteriostatic | the prevention of the further growth of bacteria |
biohazard | risk to health and environment |
disinfectant | agent such as heat, radiation, or chemicals that destroys, neutralizes, and inhibits the growth of disease carrying microo. on inanimate objects |
fomites | inanimate object that may be contaminated with infectious microo. |
microbiology | study of microscopic organisms |
nosocomial infection | hospital or health facility acquired infection |
pathogen | microo. that can cause disease |
sanitation | the development and application of sanitary measures for the sake of cleanliness |
sterilization | the destruction of all living microo. as pathogenic or saprophytic bacteria, vegetative forms and spores |
what do pathogenic microo. cause? | disease |
when should you wash your hands in a microbio. lab? | before, during, after |
why are refrigerators useful? | the slow the growth and spread of bacteria |
where do viruses replicate? | inside host cell |
what was the first vaccine? when? | smallpox 1798 |
who is given credit for figuring out that microbes can be effective vaccines? | Salmon and Smith 1885 |
Koch's Postulates... | procedure to establish specific cause of disease
1. find agent
2. inoculation of a pure culture must reproduce the same disease
3. agent must be used in experimental animals
4. obtain a culture again |
how did people think disease used to be spread? | they didn't know disease came from microo. but that disease came from vital forces in non-living things |
who discovered viruses? | Dimitri Iwanowski |
what can be found inside a virus | DNA & RNA |
Louis Pasteur's Germ Theory... | microo. cause disease |
which lymphocytes produce antibodies? | B lymphocytes |
what are 3 clinical signs of swelling? | redness, inflammation, pain |
how long does it take to get an AAS degree for a Medical Lab Technician? | 2 years |
who agreed with spontaneous generation? | John Needham |
6 steps of viral reproduction... | 1. attachment
2. penetration
3. replication
4. synthesis of virus
5. maturation of virus
6. lysis (virus bursts out of cell) |
what are the outer layers of bacteria and viruses called? | protein coat, capsid, cell wall |
penicilin | discovered 1928 and used during 1940s |
rabies | 1885 |
smallpox | 1798 |
syphilis | 1910 |
what are 2 parts of the human immune system? | Innate immune system and Adaptive immune system |
how long should you boil an object to sterilize it? | 10-40 min |
what are natural killer cells? | part of innate immune system; cells that kill infected host cells by recognizing infected cells through the absence of normal surface proteins that are no longer produced because of viral infection |
how does radiation sterilize? | radiation separates the electrons from their orbit and breaks the pathogen's DNA |
perforins | pore forming proteins found in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells |
NLMEB | neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils |
what type of cells do phagocytosis? | phagocytes |
what is phagocytosis? | when a cell consumes another cell |
where are T cells made? | bone marrow |