Question | Answer |
What are the 8 Characteristics of Life? | Made of one or more cells, Grows and Develops, Uses Energy-metabolism, Maintains homeostasis, Reproduce, Respond to Stimuli, Ada |
Why do scientists write formal lab reports? | To convey results of a lab for other scientists to use. |
What are the steps in the scientific method? | Recognize/Research Problem, Form a Hypothesis, Experiment, Collect Data, Conclusion |
What is the difference between resolution and magnification? | Resolution: how clearly you see an object under a microscope
Magnification: how big the object is under a microscope |
What is the difference between Passive and Active transport? | Passive: doesn't use energy
Active: uses energy |
Diffusion: | particles distribute evenly within a solution without using energy |
Osmosis: | diffusion of water molecules from high to low concentration |
Facilitated Diffusion: | transport proteins allow specific molecules to flow through without energy |
Endocytosis: | entering the cell |
Exocytosis: | exiting the cell |
Photosynthesis: | process of autotrophs making food |
Cellular Respiration: | getting energy; breaking down food for energy |
Fermentation: | anaerobic respiration |
How many types of asexual reproduction are there and what are they? | 3; binary fission, budding, fragmentation |
Chromosomes: | storage units of genes; contains all of your genetic and hereditary information |
Gene: | a segment of DNA |
Centromere: | point where chromatids are attached |
Chromatids: | one of the exact copies of DNA in a chromosome |
Diploid: | normal amount of genetic material |
Haploid: | half the amount of genetic material |
Zygote: | two sex cells |
Autosomes: | a "non-sex" chromosome |
Sex Chromosomes: | the two chromosomes that determine a individual's sex |
Homologous Chromosomes: | two chromosomes that are identical |
Mutations: | changes in DNA that affect genetic information |
Cancer: | uncontrolled cell division |
How does Mitosis differ from Meiosis? | Meiosis: cells go through two divisions
Mitosis: cells go through one division |
Interphase: | 90% of cell cycle is spent here; cell doing "everyday" job; replicates DNA |
Prophase: | chromatin condenses into chromosomes; centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell; spindle fibers begin to form |
Metaphase: | chromosomes line up along middle of cell; spindle fibers attach to chromosomes |
Anaphase: | chromatids separate at centomere's end; spindle fibers shorten and pull chromatids apart; spindle fibers break down |
Telophase: | chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of cell; two nuclei form |
Cytokinesis: | cytoplasm and organelles move to opposite sides of cell; cytoplasm divides (animal cells form a cleavage furrow; plant cells form a new cell plate) |
Oogenesis: | female sex cell reproduction(eggs); one large & three polar bodies; cytoplasm divides unevenly; produced in ovaries |
Spermatogenesis: | male sex cell reproduction(sperm); produced in testes of males; |
Gregor Mendel: | father of genetics; used pea plants to study patterns of inheritance |
P: | parent generation |
F1 | first generation |
F2 | second generation |
Alleles: | form of a gene; can be dominant or recessive; each organism receives one allele from each parent |
Dominant Allele | allows a trait to be expressed while hiding other alleles; shown with capital letter |
Recessive Allele: | allele that gets masked by a dominant allele for the same trait; shown with lowercase letter |
Homozygous: | both alleles are the same |
Heterozygous: | two alleles for the same trait are different; hybrid |
Genotype: | combination of alleles or genes |
Phenotype: | physical appearance of alleles or genotypes |
Incomplete Dominance: | a blending between a recessive and dominant allele |
Codominance: | both alleles are dominant and seen at the same in the heterozygous condition |
Non-disjunction: | an abnormal amount of chromosomes |
Karyotypes: | method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size and type; used for diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities and determines sex of the baby |
Mutation: | when a portion of a chromosome is damaged or missing |
How do mutations occur? | it can be inherited from parent to child; acquired from environment; mistake when DNA is copied |