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Biology
Amber Keys SFS A1 Biology Finals Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 8 Characteristics of Life? | Made of one or more cells, Grows and Develops, Uses Energy-metabolism, Maintains homeostasis, Reproduce, Respond to Stimuli, Ada |
| Why do scientists write formal lab reports? | To convey results of a lab for other scientists to use. |
| What are the steps in the scientific method? | Recognize/Research Problem, Form a Hypothesis, Experiment, Collect Data, Conclusion |
| What is the difference between resolution and magnification? | Resolution: how clearly you see an object under a microscope Magnification: how big the object is under a microscope |
| What is the difference between Passive and Active transport? | Passive: doesn't use energy Active: uses energy |
| Diffusion: | particles distribute evenly within a solution without using energy |
| Osmosis: | diffusion of water molecules from high to low concentration |
| Facilitated Diffusion: | transport proteins allow specific molecules to flow through without energy |
| Endocytosis: | entering the cell |
| Exocytosis: | exiting the cell |
| Photosynthesis: | process of autotrophs making food |
| Cellular Respiration: | getting energy; breaking down food for energy |
| Fermentation: | anaerobic respiration |
| How many types of asexual reproduction are there and what are they? | 3; binary fission, budding, fragmentation |
| Chromosomes: | storage units of genes; contains all of your genetic and hereditary information |
| Gene: | a segment of DNA |
| Centromere: | point where chromatids are attached |
| Chromatids: | one of the exact copies of DNA in a chromosome |
| Diploid: | normal amount of genetic material |
| Haploid: | half the amount of genetic material |
| Zygote: | two sex cells |
| Autosomes: | a "non-sex" chromosome |
| Sex Chromosomes: | the two chromosomes that determine a individual's sex |
| Homologous Chromosomes: | two chromosomes that are identical |
| Mutations: | changes in DNA that affect genetic information |
| Cancer: | uncontrolled cell division |
| How does Mitosis differ from Meiosis? | Meiosis: cells go through two divisions Mitosis: cells go through one division |
| Interphase: | 90% of cell cycle is spent here; cell doing "everyday" job; replicates DNA |
| Prophase: | chromatin condenses into chromosomes; centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell; spindle fibers begin to form |
| Metaphase: | chromosomes line up along middle of cell; spindle fibers attach to chromosomes |
| Anaphase: | chromatids separate at centomere's end; spindle fibers shorten and pull chromatids apart; spindle fibers break down |
| Telophase: | chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of cell; two nuclei form |
| Cytokinesis: | cytoplasm and organelles move to opposite sides of cell; cytoplasm divides (animal cells form a cleavage furrow; plant cells form a new cell plate) |
| Oogenesis: | female sex cell reproduction(eggs); one large & three polar bodies; cytoplasm divides unevenly; produced in ovaries |
| Spermatogenesis: | male sex cell reproduction(sperm); produced in testes of males; |
| Gregor Mendel: | father of genetics; used pea plants to study patterns of inheritance |
| P: | parent generation |
| F1 | first generation |
| F2 | second generation |
| Alleles: | form of a gene; can be dominant or recessive; each organism receives one allele from each parent |
| Dominant Allele | allows a trait to be expressed while hiding other alleles; shown with capital letter |
| Recessive Allele: | allele that gets masked by a dominant allele for the same trait; shown with lowercase letter |
| Homozygous: | both alleles are the same |
| Heterozygous: | two alleles for the same trait are different; hybrid |
| Genotype: | combination of alleles or genes |
| Phenotype: | physical appearance of alleles or genotypes |
| Incomplete Dominance: | a blending between a recessive and dominant allele |
| Codominance: | both alleles are dominant and seen at the same in the heterozygous condition |
| Non-disjunction: | an abnormal amount of chromosomes |
| Karyotypes: | method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size and type; used for diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities and determines sex of the baby |
| Mutation: | when a portion of a chromosome is damaged or missing |
| How do mutations occur? | it can be inherited from parent to child; acquired from environment; mistake when DNA is copied |
Created by:
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