Term | Definition |
Heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring |
Dominant | strong gene, represented with capital letter (H) |
Recessive | weak gene, represented with lower case letter (h) |
Genetics | study of inheritance, started by Gregor Mendel, who studied pea plants |
Heterozygous | different gene combination (Rr) |
Homozygous | same gene combo (RR or rr) |
Genotype | gene possibilities inside nucleus (letter combinations) |
Phenotype | what trait shows on outside (% and word of trait) |
Punnett Square | diagram to show inherited trait possibilities |
Genes | sentence of genetic code, on chromosomes, determines traits |
Zygotes | 2 gametes join in fertilization to make organism--1 cell |
Gamete | sex cell |
Polygenic/Multigenic Genes | more than one gene controls trait |
Chromosomes | made of many genes (humans have 23 pairs, or 46 total) |
Meiosis | gamete making process, 1 cell becoming 4, steps are coil up, copy/double, split in 2, split into 4, then 2 gametes join in fertilization |
Kayotyping | chromosomes sucked out of nucleus, stained, lined up, checked for disorders |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, your genetic code, contains chemicals A (adenine), T (thiamine), C (cytosine), and G (guanine); 3 letter words of amino acids; the messenger carrier is RNA |
Double Helix | twisted ladder shape of DNA |
Protein | the chemical DNA code tells the cell to make this |
Replication | process of DNA unzips, grabs match (A grabs T, C grabs G) from cytoplasm, new matching DNA formed |
Mutation | change/mistake in DNA |
Genome | library of human chromosomes, maps out what genes and where located (traits) |
DNA Fingerprinting | crime solving technique, analyzes DNA, unique to you |
Cloning | exact copy of organism, sucks out DNA from nucleus, puts in another cell |