Question | Answer |
What does it mean to hydrolyze? | To break bonds with water |
Why must bacteria hydrolyze larger molecules? | To allow nutrients in the cell |
Hydrolysis is accomplished by the secretion of what? | exoenzymes or hydrolases |
4 extracellular enzymes: | Starch; Lipid; Casein; Gelatin |
Hydrolysis test is performed using what 2 components? | Starch agar plate and iodine |
Gelatin is a __________ protein. | incomplete |
At what temperature is gelatin solid? | Less than 25 degrees Celsius |
At what temperature is gelatin liquid? | More than 25 degrees Celsius |
How do you know if a Catalase test is positive? | The formation of gas/ bubbles |
Where can Oxidase be found? | In the Mitochondria |
How do you know if your bacteria is Oxidase positive? | Color change to Deep Purple within 20 seconds of being streaked on test slide |
How do you test for Catalase activity? | Add H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide) to bacteria. |
What does "SIM" stand for? | S- Sulfide
I- Indole
M- Motility |
What does the SIM test media contain? | Amino acids (tryptophan); Peptones (source of cysteine); Ferrous Ammonium |
How do you know if your SIM results are Sulfide positive? | The appearance of black precipitate (indicates the presence of H2S) |
How do you know if your SIM results are indole positive? | Kovac's reagent turns red on top of agar |
What does MR-VP stand for? | Methyl Red and Voge's Proskauer |
What does MR-VP test for? | Fermentation end products between species |
What color and what pH indicate positive MR test? | Red color and pH of 5 or less (pH4); indicates mixed acid |
The VP test detects the presence of ____________. | acetoin |
What color indicates a positive VP test? | Rose |
Litmus Milk is made up of what 3 different metabolized components? | Latose; Casein; Litmus |
Litmus turns what color when acidic? | Red |
Litmus turns what color when neutral? | Purple |
Litmus turns what color when alkaline? | Blue |
If fissures appear in the solidified (curd) of the Litmus Milk, what has been produced? | Gas |
Litmus Milk that has turned pink, indicates what kind of reaction? | Lactose Fermentation (acidic) |
Litmus Milk that has turned a brownish color with a purple band on top, has experienced what kind of reaction? | Proteolysis |
Litmus Milk that has turned white with a purple band on top, indicates what type of reaction? | Litmus Reduction |
The citrate test determines what? | Whether or not the organism can use citrate as its sole carbon source. |
A positive citrate test will turn from what color to what color? | Green to Blue |
What is the pH indicator called for the citrate test? | Bromthymol Blue |
During the Nitrate reduction test, the appearance of what color indicates the presence of No2-? | Red |
The Nitrate Reduction test, tests for what? | To see if bacterium can use nitrate as a final electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration |
If positive for Nitrate utilization, then there are three possible positive end products. What are they? | N2 (gas); NO2- (nitrite);NH3 (ammonia) |
Antisepsis | Reduction in the number of microorganisms and viruses; particularly potential pathogens, on living tissue |
Aseptic | Refers to an environment or procedure free of pathogenic microorganisms. |
What do the suffixes "-cide" and "-cidal" indicate? | the destruction of a type of microbe |
De-germing | The removal of microbes by mechanical means |
Disinfection | Destruction of most microorganisms and viruses on non-living tissue |
Pasteurization | The use of heat to destroy pathogens and to reduce the number of spoilage in foods and beverages. |
6 Efficiency Factors of Chemical Agents; | Concentration; Length of exposure; Environmental Conditions; Material type; Age of culture |
Antibiotics originate from; | Living organisms |
Synthetics originate from: | Laboratories |
6 physical methods of microbial control: | Heat; autoclave (pasteurization); Filtration; Cold; Desiccation and high osmotic pressure; Radiation |
Hyertonic | High solute; Low solvent (cell loses water) |
Plasmolysis | when cell loses water |
Hypotonic | Low solute; High solvent (cell absorbs water) |
Plasmoptysis | Cell absorbs water and swells |
Isotonic | No movement; equal solute and solvent; equilibrium |
2 forms of mutagenic electromagnetic radiation: | ionizing and non-ionizing radiation |
Why test water? | Water plays a huge role in the transmission of disease |
4 classes of communicable diseases: | food and water; airborne; arthropods; contact |
Genotype vs. Phenotype | Genotype= Genetic/ DNA
Phenotype= Observable characteristics |
Type "O" blood is the universal _____________ | donor |
Type "AB" blood is the universal _____________ | Acceptor |
Reaction to anti-B indicates what blood type? | B |
Reaction to Anti-A indicates what blood type? | A |
No reaction to anti-A or anti-B indicates what blood type? | O |
if a person if Rh+ they have what antigen? | Antigen D |
Type 1 Hypersensitivity | Antibody to antigen reaction |
Type 2 Hypersensitivity | Antibody to antigen on RBC |
UV light is an example of what type of radiation? | Non-ionizing |
X-rays and gamma rays are examples of what type of radiation? | Ionizing |