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Micro Lab Final
UALR Microbiology- Dr. Ali
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does it mean to hydrolyze? | To break bonds with water |
| Why must bacteria hydrolyze larger molecules? | To allow nutrients in the cell |
| Hydrolysis is accomplished by the secretion of what? | exoenzymes or hydrolases |
| 4 extracellular enzymes: | Starch; Lipid; Casein; Gelatin |
| Hydrolysis test is performed using what 2 components? | Starch agar plate and iodine |
| Gelatin is a __________ protein. | incomplete |
| At what temperature is gelatin solid? | Less than 25 degrees Celsius |
| At what temperature is gelatin liquid? | More than 25 degrees Celsius |
| How do you know if a Catalase test is positive? | The formation of gas/ bubbles |
| Where can Oxidase be found? | In the Mitochondria |
| How do you know if your bacteria is Oxidase positive? | Color change to Deep Purple within 20 seconds of being streaked on test slide |
| How do you test for Catalase activity? | Add H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide) to bacteria. |
| What does "SIM" stand for? | S- Sulfide I- Indole M- Motility |
| What does the SIM test media contain? | Amino acids (tryptophan); Peptones (source of cysteine); Ferrous Ammonium |
| How do you know if your SIM results are Sulfide positive? | The appearance of black precipitate (indicates the presence of H2S) |
| How do you know if your SIM results are indole positive? | Kovac's reagent turns red on top of agar |
| What does MR-VP stand for? | Methyl Red and Voge's Proskauer |
| What does MR-VP test for? | Fermentation end products between species |
| What color and what pH indicate positive MR test? | Red color and pH of 5 or less (pH4); indicates mixed acid |
| The VP test detects the presence of ____________. | acetoin |
| What color indicates a positive VP test? | Rose |
| Litmus Milk is made up of what 3 different metabolized components? | Latose; Casein; Litmus |
| Litmus turns what color when acidic? | Red |
| Litmus turns what color when neutral? | Purple |
| Litmus turns what color when alkaline? | Blue |
| If fissures appear in the solidified (curd) of the Litmus Milk, what has been produced? | Gas |
| Litmus Milk that has turned pink, indicates what kind of reaction? | Lactose Fermentation (acidic) |
| Litmus Milk that has turned a brownish color with a purple band on top, has experienced what kind of reaction? | Proteolysis |
| Litmus Milk that has turned white with a purple band on top, indicates what type of reaction? | Litmus Reduction |
| The citrate test determines what? | Whether or not the organism can use citrate as its sole carbon source. |
| A positive citrate test will turn from what color to what color? | Green to Blue |
| What is the pH indicator called for the citrate test? | Bromthymol Blue |
| During the Nitrate reduction test, the appearance of what color indicates the presence of No2-? | Red |
| The Nitrate Reduction test, tests for what? | To see if bacterium can use nitrate as a final electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration |
| If positive for Nitrate utilization, then there are three possible positive end products. What are they? | N2 (gas); NO2- (nitrite);NH3 (ammonia) |
| Antisepsis | Reduction in the number of microorganisms and viruses; particularly potential pathogens, on living tissue |
| Aseptic | Refers to an environment or procedure free of pathogenic microorganisms. |
| What do the suffixes "-cide" and "-cidal" indicate? | the destruction of a type of microbe |
| De-germing | The removal of microbes by mechanical means |
| Disinfection | Destruction of most microorganisms and viruses on non-living tissue |
| Pasteurization | The use of heat to destroy pathogens and to reduce the number of spoilage in foods and beverages. |
| 6 Efficiency Factors of Chemical Agents; | Concentration; Length of exposure; Environmental Conditions; Material type; Age of culture |
| Antibiotics originate from; | Living organisms |
| Synthetics originate from: | Laboratories |
| 6 physical methods of microbial control: | Heat; autoclave (pasteurization); Filtration; Cold; Desiccation and high osmotic pressure; Radiation |
| Hyertonic | High solute; Low solvent (cell loses water) |
| Plasmolysis | when cell loses water |
| Hypotonic | Low solute; High solvent (cell absorbs water) |
| Plasmoptysis | Cell absorbs water and swells |
| Isotonic | No movement; equal solute and solvent; equilibrium |
| 2 forms of mutagenic electromagnetic radiation: | ionizing and non-ionizing radiation |
| Why test water? | Water plays a huge role in the transmission of disease |
| 4 classes of communicable diseases: | food and water; airborne; arthropods; contact |
| Genotype vs. Phenotype | Genotype= Genetic/ DNA Phenotype= Observable characteristics |
| Type "O" blood is the universal _____________ | donor |
| Type "AB" blood is the universal _____________ | Acceptor |
| Reaction to anti-B indicates what blood type? | B |
| Reaction to Anti-A indicates what blood type? | A |
| No reaction to anti-A or anti-B indicates what blood type? | O |
| if a person if Rh+ they have what antigen? | Antigen D |
| Type 1 Hypersensitivity | Antibody to antigen reaction |
| Type 2 Hypersensitivity | Antibody to antigen on RBC |
| UV light is an example of what type of radiation? | Non-ionizing |
| X-rays and gamma rays are examples of what type of radiation? | Ionizing |
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