Term | Definition |
Allele | An alternative form of a gene that is made by a mutation in the same place as the chromosomes. |
Autosome | A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. |
Codominance | The relationship between the dominant allele and the recessive received from your parents. |
Dihybrid | The offspring of parents differing in two specific pairs of genes. |
Dominant allele | The gene from one of your parents that is can overpower the other gene if it is different. |
Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
Heterozygous | Having different pairs of genes for any inherited characteristic. |
Homozygous | Having identical pairs of genes for any inherited characteristic |
Monohybrid | The offspring of individuals that differ in a certain gene |
Multiple allele | a series of more than two allele genes |
Phenotype | The observable constitution of an organism |
Punnet square | The chart used to determine probability of getting a certain genotype |
Recessive allele | The allele that can easily be covered up by a dominant allele |
Sex chromosone | The chromosome that decides the sex of an organism |
Sex linked trait | Certain traits that are known to be linked to the X and Y chromosomes |
Test cross | A genetic test for heterozygosity where an organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed to an organism recessive for all |
Apoptosis | The process of programmed cell death |
Cell cycle | The series of events as the cell grows and divides |
Centriole | The thing that makes spindle fibers |
Centromere | The part on the chromosome where the spindle fibers grab |
Cromatin | The stuff that the chromosome is made of |
Chromosome | The things in the nucleas that hold the genetic code for the cell |
Crossing-over | The exchange of genes in homologous chromosomes |
Cytokinesis | The cytoplasm separation at the end of mitosis or meiosis |
Diploid (2n) | A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes from each parent |
Chromosome number | The characteristic number of a chromosome found in the cell nuclei |
Gamete | A mature male or female sex cell |
Haploid (n) | A cell with a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
Homologous | Pairing at meiosis and having the same structure and pattern of genes |
Meiosis | The process of cell division where four haploid daughter cells are created |
Mitosis | the process of cell division where two daughter cells are made |
Nondisjunction | When chromosomes don't separate in cell division |
Somatic cell | Any cell in an organism that is not a sex cell |
Synapsis | The fusion of chromosome pairs at the beginning of meiosis |