Term/Question | Definition/Answer |
Water | 1 oxygen atom, and 2 hydrogen atoms bonded together.
The OXYGEN is NEGATIVE, and HYDROGEN is POSITIVE |
Polarity | Oppositely charged sides of a molecule. Having 2 poles. A positive side and a negative side. Hydrogen is positive and oxygen is negative. |
Hydrogen Bonds | Attraction between two water molecules.
(negative oxygen of one, and the positive hydrogen of another) |
Cohesion | Attraction of molecules of same substance like water attracting to water. (explains surface tension, puddles, etc) |
Adhesion | Attraction of molecules of different substances like water attracting to something else (explains capillary action and water absorbing into paper towel. |
Surface Tension | Water molecules sticking together to allow things like insects to walk on top. Cohesion property. |
Capillary Action | Water being pulled upwards (against gravity) like traveling up tubes in plants. Adhesion property. |
Hydrophillic | Water loving. Things that mix well with water like salt, sugar, food coloring, etc. |
Hydrophobic | Water fearing. Things that don't mix well with water like oil, fats, waxes, phospholipids. |
Macromolecule | Large organic molecule consisting of smaller building blocks called monomers. |
Carbohydrate | Something that provides quick energy. Examples are grains, sugars, cereal, breads, etc. |
Monosaccharide | Monomer of carbohydrate |
Protein | Something that helps in building structure like hair, nails, muscle. Also helps speed up chemical reactions |
Amino Acid | Monomer of protein |
Lipid | Long term energy storage for the body, stores the most energy. |
Glycerol and Fatty Acids | Monomer of lipid |
Nucleic Acid | Contains genetic material for body and helps in protein synthesis |
Nucleotide | Monomer of nucleic acid |
Enzyme | Speeds up chemical reactions, a type of protein. |
Active Site | Location on the enzyme where substrate attaches |
Substrate | The molecule that enzymes are acting on |
Product | What the substrate becomes after the enzyme has worked on it |
Activation Energy | The amount of energy needed to start an enzyme reaction |
Denature | When an enzyme breaks down due to changes in pH or temperature |
Catalyst | Another name for an enzyme- something that speeds up a reaction |
What types of things affect enzyme reaction rate? | Temperature, pH, Enzyme concentration, substrate concentration. |
Concentration | The amount of a solute in a given amount of liquid |
Thermal Regulator - water | Water helps regulate temperature in living things (sweating cools off) |
Solubility | Water dissolves many substances. This is why your blood has so much water in it - to help move nutrients and waste throughout body |
High Heat Capacity - water | Water absorbs a lot of energy before increasing significantly in temperature. This is why oceans stay cool when it's really hot outside. |
Carbohydrate Jobs | Make quick energy |
Lipid Jobs | Store energy long-term (most energy) - make up most of cell membranes |
Protein Jobs | Structure of bones/muscles/tissue, Defense against disease, speed up reactions (enzymes), |
Nucleic Acid Jobs | Store and transmit genetic information and help in protein synthesis. |