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Biochemistry Unit

All the vocab for unit 3 on biochemistry

Term/QuestionDefinition/Answer
Water 1 oxygen atom, and 2 hydrogen atoms bonded together. The OXYGEN is NEGATIVE, and HYDROGEN is POSITIVE
Polarity Oppositely charged sides of a molecule. Having 2 poles. A positive side and a negative side. Hydrogen is positive and oxygen is negative.
Hydrogen Bonds Attraction between two water molecules. (negative oxygen of one, and the positive hydrogen of another)
Cohesion Attraction of molecules of same substance like water attracting to water. (explains surface tension, puddles, etc)
Adhesion Attraction of molecules of different substances like water attracting to something else (explains capillary action and water absorbing into paper towel.
Surface Tension Water molecules sticking together to allow things like insects to walk on top. Cohesion property.
Capillary Action Water being pulled upwards (against gravity) like traveling up tubes in plants. Adhesion property.
Hydrophillic Water loving. Things that mix well with water like salt, sugar, food coloring, etc.
Hydrophobic Water fearing. Things that don't mix well with water like oil, fats, waxes, phospholipids.
Macromolecule Large organic molecule consisting of smaller building blocks called monomers.
Carbohydrate Something that provides quick energy. Examples are grains, sugars, cereal, breads, etc.
Monosaccharide Monomer of carbohydrate
Protein Something that helps in building structure like hair, nails, muscle. Also helps speed up chemical reactions
Amino Acid Monomer of protein
Lipid Long term energy storage for the body, stores the most energy.
Glycerol and Fatty Acids Monomer of lipid
Nucleic Acid Contains genetic material for body and helps in protein synthesis
Nucleotide Monomer of nucleic acid
Enzyme Speeds up chemical reactions, a type of protein.
Active Site Location on the enzyme where substrate attaches
Substrate The molecule that enzymes are acting on
Product What the substrate becomes after the enzyme has worked on it
Activation Energy The amount of energy needed to start an enzyme reaction
Denature When an enzyme breaks down due to changes in pH or temperature
Catalyst Another name for an enzyme- something that speeds up a reaction
What types of things affect enzyme reaction rate? Temperature, pH, Enzyme concentration, substrate concentration.
Concentration The amount of a solute in a given amount of liquid
Thermal Regulator - water Water helps regulate temperature in living things (sweating cools off)
Solubility Water dissolves many substances. This is why your blood has so much water in it - to help move nutrients and waste throughout body
High Heat Capacity - water Water absorbs a lot of energy before increasing significantly in temperature. This is why oceans stay cool when it's really hot outside.
Carbohydrate Jobs Make quick energy
Lipid Jobs Store energy long-term (most energy) - make up most of cell membranes
Protein Jobs Structure of bones/muscles/tissue, Defense against disease, speed up reactions (enzymes),
Nucleic Acid Jobs Store and transmit genetic information and help in protein synthesis.
Created by: Rylands
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