Question | Answer |
archaebacteria | oldest form of bacteria and are the extremophiles |
eubacteria | heterotroph decomposers |
which bacteria kingdom is most closely related to the other kingdoms? | eubacteria |
saprobes | decomposers |
what are the 3 shapes of bacteria | sphere, rod, spiral |
coccus | sphere |
bacillus | rod |
spirllium | spiral |
prefix Diplo | pair |
prefix strepto | chain |
prefix staphylo | cluster |
major method of reproduction used by bacteria | asexual |
nitrogen-fixing bacteria | they convert nitrogen to nitrates which the plants absorb to make proteins and nucleic acid |
name of bacteria that live on dead material | heterotrophs |
name of harmful bacteria | pathogens |
two ways bacteria can harm living organisms | |
age of oldest bacteria fossils | 3.8 billion |
chemosynthetic | in deep ocean vents convert hydrogen sulfide gas into energy |
cyanobacteria | photosynthetic bacteria which act as producers in many aquatic ecosystems |
thermophiles | archaebacteria from hot springs and other high temperature environments |
methanogens | make methane gas as a waste product, found is swamp sediments sewage and buried landfills |
4 methods to stop or slow down bacteria growth on food | pastuerization, sterilization, refrigeration, freezing (salting/drying) |
do bacteria break down their food inside or outside their cells? | |
how does the way bacteria breaks down their food inside their cell compare to eukaryote cells? | |
role of soil decomposers | to release nutrients for plant growth |
exotoxins | proteins produced inside gram positive bacteria which produce fever, weakness, and capillary damage |
endospore | handle a lot of environmental stress |
how do antibiotics kill bacteria? | damage cell walls, damage cell membranes, prevent protein synthesis, prevent DNA copying, and interfere with bacterial metabolism |
what is the harm of antibiotic overuse? | it can damage the good or normal bacteria |
why is gram staining used on bacteria? | to help doctors diagnose the disease |
gram positive bacteria | large amount of peptidoglycan |
which antibiotic kills gram positive bacteria? | penicilin |
gram negative bacteria | thin layer of peptidoglycan |
which antibiotic kills gram negative bacteria? | tetracycline |
which photosynthetic bacteria changed earths atmosphere? | cyanobacteria |
what did cyanobacteria do to change the worlds atmosphere? | they made the first oxygen in it |
chemoautrophic bacteria | help plants to get nitrogen from air |
what crucial role does chemoautrophic bacteria lay in soil for plants? | important for nitrification which helps plants make proteins |
heterotrophic bacteria | release nutrients for plants to absorb |
what crucial role does heterotrophic bacteria okay in the environment? | major decomposers of the living world |
rhizobium bacteria | heterotrophic bacteria that live within nodules on the roots of legumes |
relationship between rhizobium and plants | plant gives it a place to live, it gives plant nitrates to use in plant protein |
process of bacteria reproduction | binary fission |
how much smaller is bacteria compared to eukaryote | 10x |
3 good things about bacteria | decomposers, convert nitrogen in soil, help with digestion |