Question | Answer |
Neural Arch | The dorsal part of the vertebrae forming the dorsal roof of the neural canal |
Neural Canal | Opening running through the vertebrae where the spinal cord is |
Transverse Process | processes on either lateral side of the vertebrae where muscles attach |
Articular Facets | Where the vertebrae articulate with one another |
Atlas | The very first cervical vertebrae, articulating with the skull - missing the centrum, the neural spine, rib demifaucets |
Centrum | Depression ventral to the neural canal |
Neural Spine | Projection off of the neural arch |
Odontoid Process | Posterior projection off the axis vertebrae |
Axis | Second cervical vertebrae, articulating with the atlas |
Cervical Vertebrae | Vertebrae extending from the atlas and axis at the skull to the pectoral girdle and the beginning of the thoracic vertebrae |
Demifacets | Found in the thoracic vertebrae |
Thoracic Vertebrae | Vertebrae extending from the pectoral girdle where they articulate with the cervical vertebrae to the lumbar vertebrae, which lack the large neural spines |
Lumbar Vertebrae | Vertebrae extending from the thoracic vertebrae to the pelvic girdle and the sacrum |
Caudal Vertebrae | Vertebrae extending from the sacrum in the pelvic girdle to the end |
Ribs | Projections off the thoracic vertebrae that extend ventrally and meet on the ventral midline of the body |
Sacrum | Singular bone of fused vertebrae creating the support for the pelvic girdle |
Sternabrae | The modified bones that make up the body of the sternum |
Manubrium | Anterior portion of the sternum that is slightly keeled |
Xiphisternum | Posterior portion of the sternum that hosts a cartilaginous projection |
Premaxilla | Anterior most bone of the skull |
Frontal | dorsal bone of the skull extending from the nasal plates, in between the orbits, to the parietal bone |
Maxilla | Bone of skull lateral to the premaxilla and the nasal plates |
Palatine Process of Maxilla | The ventral part of the maxilla bone on the ventral part of the skull |
Parietal | Dorsal, but posterior bone of the skull that is posterior to the frontal bone but dorsal to the occipital condyle |
External Nares | Anterior most opening, dorsal to the premaxilla |
Zygomatic Arch | Projection beginning off the maxilla that extends back to the parietal bone laterally, enclosing the orbit laterally |
Jugal | Projection off the zygomatic arch that extends dorsally to enclose the orbit |
Nasal | Bones dorsal to the premaxilla, posterior to the external nares |
Temporal Bone | Lateral bones, lateral and ventral to the parietal bones |
Temporal Fenestra | Opening posterior to the orbital, enclosed by the zygomatic arch |
Lacrimal | Small lateral bone at the anterior end of the orbital |
Tympanic Bulla | Large, posterior projections on the ventral side of the skull |
Palatine | Posterior to the palatine process of the maxilla, ventral side of the skull |
External Auditory Meatus | Lateral, but posteriorly positioned opening just dorsal to the tympanic bulla |
Occipital | Bone on the posterior wall of the skull |
Occipital Condyle | Projections off the occipital on the posterior wall of the skull |
Presphenoid | Most medial bone on the ventral side of the skull, between the orbitals |
Basisphenoid | Medial bone that is posterior to the presphenoid |
Dentary | Main bone of the mandible |
Intermandibular Symphysis | The connection, medially, in the mandible where the dentary bones meet |
Coronoid Process | Most dorsal projection of the dentary, posterior positioning, to articulate the manidble with the skull |
Angular Process | Most posterior projection of the dentary, in a ventral position |
Condyloid Process | Process off the dentary ventral to the coronoid process but dorsal to the angular process that extends medially |
Mandibular Foramen | The medial view of the dentary, posterior canal |
Mental Foramina | Lateral view of the dentary, anterior canals ventral and posterior to canines |
Body of Hyoid | Basihoid, connects all the hyoid projections |
Anterior Process of the Hyoid | Ceratoid, epihoid, and stylohoid - anterior projection from the basihyoid of hyoid |
Posterior Process of the Hyoid | Thyrohoid, posterior process |
Incisor | Anterior most teeth |
Canine | Large teeth just posterior to the incisors |
Premolar | Flat teeth just posterior to the canines - very small |
Molar | Flat, large teeth just posterior to the premolars |
Clavicle | Very small bones posterior to the pectoral girdle |
Glenoid Fossa | Medial view of the scapula, the very ventral portion, anteriorly positioned |
Coracoid Process | Medial view of the scapula, the very ventral portion, extending ventral and posteriorly |
Subscapular Fossa | Medial view of the scapula, extending from dorsal to ventral depression |
Spine | Lateral view, projection extending from dorsal to ventral |
Supraspinous Fossa | Portion of the lateral view of the scapula, dorsal to the spine |
Infraspinous Fossa | Portion of the lateral view of the scapula, ventral to the spine |
Head of Humerus | Medial most part of the humerus, less separation between processes than the distal end |
Olecranon Fossa | The depression on the posterior, distal side of the humerus |
Greater Tuberosities | The larger part of the head of the humerus |
Lesser Tuberosities | The smaller part of the head of the humerus |
Medial Epicondyles | The larger of the two distal projections of the humerus |
Lateral Epicondyles | The smaller of the two distal projections of the humerus |
Ulna | Articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus |
Olecranon Process | The medial end of the ulna projection |
Semilunar Notch | A half circular notch on the medial end of the ulna that articulates with the humerus' olecranon fossa |
Styloid Process of Ulna | A thin, pointed process off the distal end of the ulna |
Radius | The forelimb bone that does not articulate with the humerus |
Head of Radius | The smaller, medial end of the radius |
Styloid Process of Radius | A short, small projection off the distal end of the radius |
Carpals | |
Metacarpals | |
Phalanges | |
Pubis | The anterior, ventral part of the innominate bone |
Ischium Tuberosity | The posterior projection of the innominate bone |
Ischial Tuberosity | |
Ilium | Dorsal projection of the innominate bone |
Pubic Symphysis | The medial connection between the pubis bones of the innominate bone |
Obturator Foramen | The large opening in the innominate bone |
Acetabulum | The depression on the lateral side of the innominate bone that articulates with the femur |
Head of Femur | Medial part of the femur that articulates with the innominate bone |
Neck of Femur | Part of the medial femur that articulates the head of the femur to the body |
Greater Trochanter of Femur | The dorsal projection off the medial end of the femur, lateral from the head |
Medial Condyle of Femur | The distal end of the femur the medial projection |
Lateral Condyle of Femur | The distal end of the femur the lateral projection |
Patella | The anterior projection from the distal end of the femur |
Tibia | The largest hindlimb bone articulating with the femur |
Tibial Crest | The anterior view of the tibia, crest from medial to distal |
Tibial Tuberosity | The anterior most projection off the head of the tibia |
Medial Malleolus | Projection off the distal end of the tibia |
Fibula | Smaller hind limb bone |
Head of Fibula | Medial end of the fibula that articulates with the tibia |
Lateral Malleolus | Projection off the distal end of the fibula |
Calcaneus | The posterior most projection of the foot |
Talus | The bone articulating with the tibia, the ankle |