Question | Answer |
Neural Spine | Pointed process extending dorsally off of the neural arch on the trunk and caudal vertebrae |
Neural Arch | Found on all the vertebrae, making the roof of the vertebrae on the dorsal side |
Centrum | The center of the vertebrae, the base which the neural and hemal arches, and neural and hemal spines extend off of |
Ribs | Extensions laterally off of the trunk vertebrae |
Hemal Arch | Found on all the vertebrae, making the floor of the vertebrae on the ventral side |
Hemal Spine | Pointed process extending ventrally off of the hemal arch on the caudal vertebrae |
Cervical Vertebrae | A singular vertebrae connecting the trunk vertebrae to the skull. Called the Atlas, articulates with the occipital condyles |
Trunk Vertebrae | ~17 trunk vertebrae with neural spines and ribs that extend from the atlas to the pelvic girdle where the sacral vertebrae are |
Sacral Vertebrae | Single vertebrae attached to the pelvic limbs with modified ribs. Attached to the trunk vertebrae and the caudal vertebrae |
Caudal Vertebrae | Vertebrae attached to the sacral vertebrae with neural spines and hemal spines |
Premaxilla | V-shaped at the anterior most portion of the skull, forming the upper jaw with teeth |
Frontal | Bone of skull that extends from the premaxilla, back to the parietal, forming the dorsal part of the eye orbit |
Parietal | Most posterior dorsal bone, attached to the frontal |
Quadrate | Posterior to the eye orbit and anterior to the squamosal |
Vomer | Tooth-bearing bone posterior to the premaxilla but anterior on the skull |
Pterygoid | Tooth-bearing bone posterior to the vomer, medial in the skull, but on the ventral sides |
Parasphenoid | The palate bone on the ventral side of the skull, making up the base of it |
Dentary | Lateral bone making up the lower jaw |
Exoccipital | Paired on the posterior wall of the skull, hosting the occipital condyles |
Foramen Magnum | Large opening in medial positioning on the posterior wall of the skull |
Squamosal | Lateral to the parietal bone, articulating with the quadrate bone |
Otic Region | EAR REGION FUCK EVERYTHING |
Basibranchial | Arch connecting the hypohyal to the rest of the branchials |
Ceratobranchial | Branches off of the basibrancial in a posterior direction |
Epibranchial | Branches off of the ceratobranchial in a posterior direction |
Hypohyal | The joining of the ceratohyal, attaches to the basibranchial, forms the hyoid arch in the anterior position |
Ceratohyal | Branches off the hypohyal, makes up the hyoid arch in the anterior position |
Coracoid Cartilage | Broad plates of cartilage that extend medially and over lap |
Procoracoid Cartilage | A lateral process that extends anterior from the coracoid |
Scapula | Ossified and extends dorsally, lateral to the cartilages of the coracoid and procoracoid |
Suprascapular Cartilage | A distal projection of cartilage from the scapula |
Humerus | Bone from scapula to the radius and ulna |
Radius | The medial bone that is distal to the humerus |
Ulna | The lateral bone that is distal to the humerus |
Carpals | Make up the "wrist" joint area |
Metacarpals | |
Phalanges | Most distal part of the limb |
Pubis Cartilage | Projection that goes anterior, makes up the puboischiadic plate |
Ischium Bone | Extends posterior, joined to the pubis cartilage, makes up the puboischiadic plate |
Ilium | Extend dorsally from the puboischiadic plate, fuse with the modified ribs of the sacral vertebrae |
Acetabulum | A depression at the site of articulation for the hind limbs to the pelvic girdle |
Femur | Bone extending from acetabulum to the tibia and fibula |
Tibia | The medial bone attached to the femur |
Fibula | The lateral bone attached to the femur |
Tarsals | "Ankle" bones attached to Tibia and Fibula |
Metatarsals | |
Phalanges | Most distal part of the hind limb |