Term | Definition |
unicellular | organisms made of a single cell |
multicellular | organisms with many cells. |
homeostasis | condition where an organism maintains a relatively stable internal environment |
Eukaryote | an organism whose cell have a nucleus |
prokaryote | an organism whose cells lack a nucleus |
autotroph | an organism that makes own food. |
heterotroph | organism that depends on other organisms for its food. |
organism | a living thing. |
stimulus | a change in an organism’s surroundings. |
response | an action or change in behavior in reaction to a change in surroundings. |
cell membrane | controls what can come into and out of a cell |
nucleus | this organelle is the control center of the cell. |
nucleolus | this is where the ribosomes are made in the cell. |
mitochondria | this organelle converts food molecules to energy. |
endoplasmic reticulum | this organelle is a passageway that carries proteins from one part of the cell to another. |
ribosomes | this organelle produces proteins. |
golgi bodies | this organelle receives proteins and newly formed |
materials,packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell. | |
chloroplasts | this organelle captures the energy from the sun and uses it to make food. |
vacuoles | this organelle is the storage area of the cells. |
lysosomes | this organelle break down certain materials in the cell like the recycling center of the cell. |
active transport | the movement of materials from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy. |
passive transport | the movement of materials through a cell’s membrane without using the cell’s energy. |
exocytosis | the process in which a cell membrane moves large molecules out of the cell using energy. |
endocytosis | the process in which a cell membrane moves large molecules into the cell using energy |
diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration. |
osmosis | the process of moving water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration. |
carbohydrate | sugar and starches make up the energy |
amino acids | proteins are made of these small molecules. |
enzyme | a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things. |
lipid | the compound makes up most of the cell membrane. |
genes | chromosome:structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information. |
genes | part of the DNA that controls a trait. |
alleles | the different forms of a gene. |
dominant | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
recessive | an allele that is hidden when a different allele is present. |
homozygous | having two of the same allele for a trait. |
heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
phenotype | an organism’s physical appearance. |
genotype | an organism’s genetic makeup. |
codominance | a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. |