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Genetics Unit 1
heredity and genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| unicellular | organisms made of a single cell |
| multicellular | organisms with many cells. |
| homeostasis | condition where an organism maintains a relatively stable internal environment |
| Eukaryote | an organism whose cell have a nucleus |
| prokaryote | an organism whose cells lack a nucleus |
| autotroph | an organism that makes own food. |
| heterotroph | organism that depends on other organisms for its food. |
| organism | a living thing. |
| stimulus | a change in an organism’s surroundings. |
| response | an action or change in behavior in reaction to a change in surroundings. |
| cell membrane | controls what can come into and out of a cell |
| nucleus | this organelle is the control center of the cell. |
| nucleolus | this is where the ribosomes are made in the cell. |
| mitochondria | this organelle converts food molecules to energy. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | this organelle is a passageway that carries proteins from one part of the cell to another. |
| ribosomes | this organelle produces proteins. |
| golgi bodies | this organelle receives proteins and newly formed |
| materials,packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell. | |
| chloroplasts | this organelle captures the energy from the sun and uses it to make food. |
| vacuoles | this organelle is the storage area of the cells. |
| lysosomes | this organelle break down certain materials in the cell like the recycling center of the cell. |
| active transport | the movement of materials from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy. |
| passive transport | the movement of materials through a cell’s membrane without using the cell’s energy. |
| exocytosis | the process in which a cell membrane moves large molecules out of the cell using energy. |
| endocytosis | the process in which a cell membrane moves large molecules into the cell using energy |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| osmosis | the process of moving water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| carbohydrate | sugar and starches make up the energy |
| amino acids | proteins are made of these small molecules. |
| enzyme | a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things. |
| lipid | the compound makes up most of the cell membrane. |
| genes | chromosome:structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information. |
| genes | part of the DNA that controls a trait. |
| alleles | the different forms of a gene. |
| dominant | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
| recessive | an allele that is hidden when a different allele is present. |
| homozygous | having two of the same allele for a trait. |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
| phenotype | an organism’s physical appearance. |
| genotype | an organism’s genetic makeup. |
| codominance | a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. |
Created by:
precious30398
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