Term | Definition |
Heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
Trait | A characteristic a parent can pass from parent to offspring on genes |
Purebred | An organism with two identical traits |
Hybrid | A organism with two identical traits |
Offspring | the product of the reproductive process of an animal. A child |
Gene | The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA |
Alleles | The different form of a gene |
Dominant | a trait which overshadows recessive traits |
Recessive | a trait which only shows in a organism if no dominant is present |
Phenotype | The physical trait |
Genotype | The letters of a trait |
Homozygous | an organism with two identical alleles |
Heterozygous | an organism with two different alleles |
Codominance | a condition in which neither of the two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. |
Meiosis | The process of making mating cells, by which the chromosomes are reduced by half. |
Haploid cells | A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
Diploid cells | A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
Mutations | a change in the gene or chromosome |
Insertion | The addition of extra DNA or RNA into a section of genetic material. |
Deletion | the loss or absence of a section from a nucleic acid molecule or chromosome. |
Substitution | something acting in the place of another |
Sex | linked gene |
Carrier | a person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have that phenotype |
Sex chromosome | A pair of genes which determine whether a person is male or female. |
Genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. |
Pedigree | a chart or family tree that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
Selective breeding | |
Inbreeding | a selective breeding method in which two indiviguals with identical or similar sets of alleles are bred |
Hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individual organisms are crossed |
Clone | an organism who has exactly the same genes as the organism is was produced from. |
Genetic Engineering | the transfer of a gene for the DNA of one organism into another organism |
Gene therapy | the insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in hope to fix it. |
Messenger RNA | Copies the coded message from DNA in the coded message |
Transfer RNA | carries amino acid to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein. |
karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell. |
Probability | predicts the results of a cell |
Fertilization | When sperm and egg meet |
Punnett square | a chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles in offspring |
Genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
Trait | Each different form or a characteristic |