Term | Definition |
carbohydrate | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom |
monosaccharide | simple sugar
contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio 1:2:1 |
disaccharide | in living things, two monosaccharides can combine in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar |
polyaccharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharided |
protein | organic ompounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
amino acid | links of monomers that form proteins |
peptide bond | the two amino acids that form a covalent bond in a condensation reaction |
polypeptide | very long chains formed from amino acids |
enzymes | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts
are essential for the functioning of any cell |
substate | the reactant being catalyzed |
active site | folds in the enzyme with a shape that allows the substrate to fit into the active site |
lipid | large nonpolar organic molecules. they include waxes and steroids |
fatty acid | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |
phospholipid | two, rather tahn three, fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol |
wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain |
steroid | these molecules are composed of four fused rings with various functional groups attached to them |
nucleic acid | very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell |
deoxyridonnucleic acid (DNA) | contains information that determines the characteristics of an organism and directs its cell activities
polymer |
ribonucleic acid (RNA) | stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins.
can also act as enzymes
polymer |
nucleotide | made of three main components: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base |