Term | Definition |
Diffusion | The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
Osmosis | is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. (cell membrane |
photosynthesis | The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food is called |
Autotrophs | Organisms that manufacture their own food by Photosynthesis. (plants) |
heterotrophs | Organisms that cannot make its own food, animals are called |
Respiration | is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose (sugar) |
Mitochondria | powerhouses of cell. |
cell cycle | The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo is known as the |
daughter cells | During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division and divides into two new cells |
Prophase | Chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes
Pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus
Spindle fibers form a bridge between the ends of the cell
The nuclear envelope breaks down |
Metaphase | The chromosomes line up across the center of the spindle fiber apparatus
Each chromosome attaches to the spindle fiber at its centromere. |
Anaphase | The centromeres split
The two chromatids separate, and each chromatid becomes a new chromosome.
The new chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
The cell stretches out as the opposite ends are pushed apart. |
Telophase | The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rod like appearance.
A new nuclear envelope forms around each region of chromosomes. |
Cytokinesis | Cell membrane pinches around the middle of the cell
The cell splits in two
Each daughter cell ends up with an identical set of chromosomes and about half the organelles |
prokaryotes | (bacteria) is one, circular chromosome attached to the inside of the cell membrane |
chromatids | Duplicated chromosomes are called |
Cell Cycle | G1 - primary growth phase
S – synthesis; DNA replicated
G2 - secondary growth phase
collectively these 3 stages are called interphase
M - mitosis
C - cytokinesis |
eukaryotic | cells store genetic information in chromosomes
Most eukaryotes have between 10 and 50 chromosomes in their body cells
Human body cells have 46 chromosomes or 23 identical pairs |