Question | Answer |
lower respiratory tract is normally sterile if | directly sampled |
Acceptable sputum spec: <__ squamous epithelial cells/low power field | 10 |
Macrophages: Activated phagocytic cells common in ____ | fungal, acid-fast & some atypical bacterial infections |
Eosinophils: Indicative of ____ | allergic reaction or parasitic infection |
Most common cause of bacterial pneumonia (70%) | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Lancet shaped gram positive cocci in pairs | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Culture never indicated in | chronic bronchitis |
if you suspect atypical bacteria you should | notify the lab in advance |
where do you grow leprosy | armidillo foot pads |
TB infection spread person to person via ____ | respiratory droplets in air (cough) |
Positive PPD Zone Size >= __ mm if no risk factors | 15 |
Positive PPD Zone Size >= __ mm if co-morbid risk factors;Diabetes, chronic renal failure, cancer, IVDA, congregate setting, foreign born/immigrant <5yrs from endemic area (Asia, Africa, Latin America), Mycobacteriology lab tech, gastrectomy | 10 |
Positive PPD Zone Size >= __ mm if HIV+, contact of TB+ person, organ transplant/immunosuppression, fibrotic CXR, on 15 mg prednison/day, or TNF alpha inhibitor | 5 |
substance used for control in PPD test | candida albicans antigen |
the inability to react to skin tests because of a weakened immune system | anergy |
more specific test for LTBI & can help exclude BCG or Mycobacterium not TB reactions. | Interferon Gamma Release Assay |
vaccine against tuberculosis | Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) |