Term | Definition |
DIPLOID | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent |
HAPLOID | having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES | chromosomes of the same size and similar structure, have the same genes as each other in the same sequence but do not necessarily have the same allele of those genes |
MENDEL | FATHER OF GENETICS |
LAW OF DOMINANCE | 2 FACTORS, ONE FOR EACH OPPOSING TRAIT, ONE DOM ONE REC |
LAW OF SEGREGATION | THE TWO FACTORS SEPARATE AT RANDO DURING GAMETOGENESIS (FORMATION OF GAMETE AND SPERM) (REUNITE AT RANDO AT FERTILIZATION TO FORM A ZYGOTE) |
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT | DURING GAMETE FORMATION ALL ALLELES FOR MULTIPLE CHARACTERISTICS UNDERGO THIS |
PUREBREAD | bred from parents of the same breed or variety |
HYBRID | the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule |
HETEROZYGOUS | TWO DIFFERENT ALLELES FOR A TRAIT (Aa) |
HOMOZYGOUS | TWO IDENTICAL ALLELES FOR A TRAIT (AA/aa) |
MONOHYBRID CROSS | CROSS FOCUSING ON ONE TRAIT (COLOR) |
DIHYBRID CROSS | CROSS FOCUSING ON TWO DIFFERENT TRAITS (COLOR AND HEIGHT) |
MUTATIONS | CHANGE THE SEQUENCE OF DNA THAT CAN BE PASSED DOWN THEREFORE CAUSING DISEASES AND ALLOWING EVOLUTION TO HAPPEN |
GENE | a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
MENDEL'S SUCCESS | BROUGHT EXPERIMENTAL AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO GENETICS |
MORGAN&DROSOPHILIA&SEX LINKED GENES | RED EYED MALES AND FEMALES BUT ONLY WHITE EYED MALES-MALE SEX LINKED TRAIT FOR WHITE EYES NOT COMPATABLE WITH FEMALES |
PHENOTYPE | DESCRIPTION OF AN ORGANISMS APPEARANCE |
GENOTYPE | DESCRIPTION OF AN ORGANISMS GENETIC MAKEUP |
RATIOS AND CROSSES | 3:1 FOR MONOHYBRID CROSS, 9:3:3:1 FOR DYHYBRID CROSS |
LAW OF PROBABILITY | a fundamental rule relating marginal probabilities to conditional probabilities, it expresses the total probability of an outcome which can be realized via several distinct events - hence the name |
PUNNETT SQUARE | a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment |
PRODUCT RULE | used to find the derivative of a function |
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON GENE EXPRESSION | PHENOTYPE DEPENDS ON ENVIRONMENT AND GENES; BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS |
SEX CHROMOSOME | a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds; GAMETE AND SPERM |
SEX DETERMINATION | WHETHER AN ORGANISM HAS GAMETES OR SPERM |
TEST CROSS | a way to explore the genotpye of an organism, CROSSING IT WITH A HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE ORGANISM |