Term | Definition |
Protein Synthesis | process in which cells generate new proteins |
Transcription | DNA to RNA, occurs in Nucleus |
Translation | mRNA TO tRNA TO PROTEINS, occurs in Cytoplasm with ribosomes |
Nucleotide | form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base) BACKBONE |
STRUCTURE OF DNA | NUCLEOTIDES CONNECTED BY A HYDROGEN BASE, SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE) PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN BASE |
PYRIMIDINES | THYMINE AND CYTOSINE |
PURINES | ADENINE AND GUANINE |
DNA VS RNA | DNA:DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR, THYMINE, DOUBLE HELIX
RNA:RIBOSE SUGAR, URACIL, SINGLE HELIX |
REPLICATION | DNA TO DNA, OCCURS IN NUCLEUS |
KINDS OF RNA | MESSENGER, TRANSFER, RIBOSOMAL |
MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) | CARRIES MESSAGE FROM DNA IN NUCLEUS TO RIBOSOMES |
TRANSFER RNA (tRNA) | TRANSPORTS THE AMINO ACID TO mRNA |
RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA) | MAKES UP THE RIBOSOME |
GENE MUTATIONS | CHANGES IN DNA SEQUENCE CAUSED BY ERRORS IN DNA REPLICATION OR MUTAGENS |
POINT MUTATION | |
Protein Synthesis | process in which cells generate new proteins |
Transcription | DNA to RNA, occurs in Nucleus |
Translation | mRNA TO tRNA TO PROTEINS, occurs in Cytoplasm with ribosomes |
Nucleotide | form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base) BACKBONE |
STRUCTURE OF DNA | NUCLEOTIDES CONNECTED BY A HYDROGEN BASE, SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE) PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN BASE |
PYRIMIDINES | THYMINE AND CYTOSINE |
PURINES | ADENINE AND GUANINE |
DNA VS RNA | DNA:DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR, THYMINE, DOUBLE HELIX
RNA:RIBOSE SUGAR, URACIL, SINGLE HELIX |
REPLICATION | DNA TO DNA, OCCURS IN NUCLEUS |
KINDS OF RNA | MESSENGER, TRANSFER, RIBOSOMAL |
MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) | CARRIES MESSAGE FROM DNA IN NUCLEUS TO RIBOSOMES |
TRANSFER RNA (tRNA) | TRANSPORTS THE AMINO ACID TO mRNA |
RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA) | MAKES UP THE RIBOSOME |
GENE MUTATIONS | CHANGES IN DNA SEQUENCE CAUSED BY ERRORS IN DNA REPLICATION OR MUTAGENS |
POINT MUTATION | mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence (THE RAT ATE THE RAT) |
BASE SUBSTITUTION | evolutionary substitution of one base for another in an exon of a gene coding for a protein, such that the produced amino acid sequence is not modified |
FRAMESHIFT MUTATION | genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three (THE ATA TET HER AT) (THE CCA TAT ETH ECE T) |
CODON | a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule |
ANTICODON | a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA |
EXON | PIECE OF RNA NOT TAKEN OUT DURING ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, exPRESSED |
INTRON | PIECE OF RNA TAKED OUT DURING ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, STAYS inSIDE THE NUCLEUS |
GRIFFITHS EXPERIMENT | SMOOTH CAUSES SICKNESS B/C PROTECTED BY CAPSOLE, IMMUNE SYSTEM CAN HANDLE ROUGH (ROUGH-MOUSE-DIED) (SMOOTH-MOUSE-DIED) (HEATKILLED SMOOTH-MOUSE-LIVED) (HEATKILLED SMOOTH+ROUGH-MOUSE-DIED) SOMETHING TRANSFORMED ROUGH INTO SMOOTH |
CONJUGATION | the temporary union of two bacteria or unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material |
TRANSFORMATION | BACTERIA ATTACHES TO STRAY STRAND |
TRANSDUCTION | process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus |