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2015 Bio Final
DNA and Protein Synthesis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Protein Synthesis | process in which cells generate new proteins |
| Transcription | DNA to RNA, occurs in Nucleus |
| Translation | mRNA TO tRNA TO PROTEINS, occurs in Cytoplasm with ribosomes |
| Nucleotide | form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base) BACKBONE |
| STRUCTURE OF DNA | NUCLEOTIDES CONNECTED BY A HYDROGEN BASE, SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE) PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN BASE |
| PYRIMIDINES | THYMINE AND CYTOSINE |
| PURINES | ADENINE AND GUANINE |
| DNA VS RNA | DNA:DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR, THYMINE, DOUBLE HELIX RNA:RIBOSE SUGAR, URACIL, SINGLE HELIX |
| REPLICATION | DNA TO DNA, OCCURS IN NUCLEUS |
| KINDS OF RNA | MESSENGER, TRANSFER, RIBOSOMAL |
| MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) | CARRIES MESSAGE FROM DNA IN NUCLEUS TO RIBOSOMES |
| TRANSFER RNA (tRNA) | TRANSPORTS THE AMINO ACID TO mRNA |
| RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA) | MAKES UP THE RIBOSOME |
| GENE MUTATIONS | CHANGES IN DNA SEQUENCE CAUSED BY ERRORS IN DNA REPLICATION OR MUTAGENS |
| POINT MUTATION | |
| Protein Synthesis | process in which cells generate new proteins |
| Transcription | DNA to RNA, occurs in Nucleus |
| Translation | mRNA TO tRNA TO PROTEINS, occurs in Cytoplasm with ribosomes |
| Nucleotide | form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base) BACKBONE |
| STRUCTURE OF DNA | NUCLEOTIDES CONNECTED BY A HYDROGEN BASE, SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE) PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN BASE |
| PYRIMIDINES | THYMINE AND CYTOSINE |
| PURINES | ADENINE AND GUANINE |
| DNA VS RNA | DNA:DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR, THYMINE, DOUBLE HELIX RNA:RIBOSE SUGAR, URACIL, SINGLE HELIX |
| REPLICATION | DNA TO DNA, OCCURS IN NUCLEUS |
| KINDS OF RNA | MESSENGER, TRANSFER, RIBOSOMAL |
| MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) | CARRIES MESSAGE FROM DNA IN NUCLEUS TO RIBOSOMES |
| TRANSFER RNA (tRNA) | TRANSPORTS THE AMINO ACID TO mRNA |
| RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA) | MAKES UP THE RIBOSOME |
| GENE MUTATIONS | CHANGES IN DNA SEQUENCE CAUSED BY ERRORS IN DNA REPLICATION OR MUTAGENS |
| POINT MUTATION | mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence (THE RAT ATE THE RAT) |
| BASE SUBSTITUTION | evolutionary substitution of one base for another in an exon of a gene coding for a protein, such that the produced amino acid sequence is not modified |
| FRAMESHIFT MUTATION | genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three (THE ATA TET HER AT) (THE CCA TAT ETH ECE T) |
| CODON | a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule |
| ANTICODON | a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA |
| EXON | PIECE OF RNA NOT TAKEN OUT DURING ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, exPRESSED |
| INTRON | PIECE OF RNA TAKED OUT DURING ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, STAYS inSIDE THE NUCLEUS |
| GRIFFITHS EXPERIMENT | SMOOTH CAUSES SICKNESS B/C PROTECTED BY CAPSOLE, IMMUNE SYSTEM CAN HANDLE ROUGH (ROUGH-MOUSE-DIED) (SMOOTH-MOUSE-DIED) (HEATKILLED SMOOTH-MOUSE-LIVED) (HEATKILLED SMOOTH+ROUGH-MOUSE-DIED) SOMETHING TRANSFORMED ROUGH INTO SMOOTH |
| CONJUGATION | the temporary union of two bacteria or unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material |
| TRANSFORMATION | BACTERIA ATTACHES TO STRAY STRAND |
| TRANSDUCTION | process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus |
Created by:
jchase1117
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