| Question | Answer |
| What are cells? | - Building blocks of all plants and animals
- They have different shapes and functions
- Function both individually and as a group |
| What are the two different classes of cells? | - Sex cells (germ cells)
- Somatic cells (every other kind) |
| What are the functions of the cell membrane? | - Regulate exchange in and out of cell environment
- Provide structural support |
| What is the cytoplasm made up of? | - Cytosol
- Organelles
- Cytosol from extracellular fluid |
| What is cytosol? | - intracellular fluid |
| What is it comprised of? | - Nutrients
- Ions
- Proteins
- Wastes |
| What are organelles? | They are cellular structures with specific functions |
| What organelles aren't bound by a membrane? | - Cytoskeleton
- Microvilli
- Centrioles
- Cilia
- Ribosomes
- Proteasomes |
| What organelles are bound by a membrane? | - Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi
- Lysosomes
- Peroxisomes
- Mitochondria |
| What is the cytoskeleton comprised of? | - Microtubules
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate filaments |
| What are microfilaments? | - They're made of protein called actin
- They attach the cell membrane to cytoplasm
- They interact with myosin to change cell shape
0 They are a constituent of microvilli |
| What are the function of intermediate filaments? | - They maintain cell shape
- Stabilise organelle and cell position |
| What are microtubules? | - Made up of the protein tubulin
- They are in all cells
- They provide strength and rigidity
- They help with cell shape
- They have a roll with transpor
- They provide structure for other organelles |
| What is the nucleus? | - It is the control centre of the cell
- It is the largest structure in the cell |
| What is the nuclear envelope? | - It separates the nucleus from the cytosol
- It has pores to allow for transport and communication |
| What is the function of the nuclear matrix? | - It is for structural support |
| What does the nucleoli do? | - Nucleoli makes rRNA
- Nucleoli histones interact with DNA |
| What is DNA? | - Comprised of 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, provides genetic information for cells
- DNA is coiled and then supercoiled |
| What are ribosomes? | - The site of protein synthesis
- It is comprised of small and large ribosomal subunits
- Protein synthesis occurs when these subunits join |
| What are the functions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? | - Synthesis of proteins, CHOs and lipids
- Storage of cytosolic molecules
- Packages, modifies and transports material with in the cell
- Detoxification |
| What is smooth ER? | - Has no ribosomes
- Synthesises lipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, glycogen |
| What is rough ER? | - Has ribosomes
- Packages and modifies new proteins for transport within the cell |
| What is the golgi complex? | - Modifies, packages and transports hormones and enzymes out of the cell
- Maintains the cell membrane
- Packages enzymes in vesicle for use in the cytosol |
| What are the three types of packaging vesicles? | - Secretory
- Membrane renewal
- Lysosomes |
| What are lysosomes? | - Specialized vesicles made in the golgi
- Isolate the breakdown of molecules in the cell
- Break down bacteria and other pathogens
- Recycling of cell products |
| What are the mitochondria? | - Site of energy production (ATP synthesis)
- Are responsible for aerobic metabolism |
