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HSO109 pt 3
HSO109
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are cells? | - Building blocks of all plants and animals - They have different shapes and functions - Function both individually and as a group |
| What are the two different classes of cells? | - Sex cells (germ cells) - Somatic cells (every other kind) |
| What are the functions of the cell membrane? | - Regulate exchange in and out of cell environment - Provide structural support |
| What is the cytoplasm made up of? | - Cytosol - Organelles - Cytosol from extracellular fluid |
| What is cytosol? | - intracellular fluid |
| What is it comprised of? | - Nutrients - Ions - Proteins - Wastes |
| What are organelles? | They are cellular structures with specific functions |
| What organelles aren't bound by a membrane? | - Cytoskeleton - Microvilli - Centrioles - Cilia - Ribosomes - Proteasomes |
| What organelles are bound by a membrane? | - Endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi - Lysosomes - Peroxisomes - Mitochondria |
| What is the cytoskeleton comprised of? | - Microtubules - Microfilaments - Intermediate filaments |
| What are microfilaments? | - They're made of protein called actin - They attach the cell membrane to cytoplasm - They interact with myosin to change cell shape 0 They are a constituent of microvilli |
| What are the function of intermediate filaments? | - They maintain cell shape - Stabilise organelle and cell position |
| What are microtubules? | - Made up of the protein tubulin - They are in all cells - They provide strength and rigidity - They help with cell shape - They have a roll with transpor - They provide structure for other organelles |
| What is the nucleus? | - It is the control centre of the cell - It is the largest structure in the cell |
| What is the nuclear envelope? | - It separates the nucleus from the cytosol - It has pores to allow for transport and communication |
| What is the function of the nuclear matrix? | - It is for structural support |
| What does the nucleoli do? | - Nucleoli makes rRNA - Nucleoli histones interact with DNA |
| What is DNA? | - Comprised of 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, provides genetic information for cells - DNA is coiled and then supercoiled |
| What are ribosomes? | - The site of protein synthesis - It is comprised of small and large ribosomal subunits - Protein synthesis occurs when these subunits join |
| What are the functions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? | - Synthesis of proteins, CHOs and lipids - Storage of cytosolic molecules - Packages, modifies and transports material with in the cell - Detoxification |
| What is smooth ER? | - Has no ribosomes - Synthesises lipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, glycogen |
| What is rough ER? | - Has ribosomes - Packages and modifies new proteins for transport within the cell |
| What is the golgi complex? | - Modifies, packages and transports hormones and enzymes out of the cell - Maintains the cell membrane - Packages enzymes in vesicle for use in the cytosol |
| What are the three types of packaging vesicles? | - Secretory - Membrane renewal - Lysosomes |
| What are lysosomes? | - Specialized vesicles made in the golgi - Isolate the breakdown of molecules in the cell - Break down bacteria and other pathogens - Recycling of cell products |
| What are the mitochondria? | - Site of energy production (ATP synthesis) - Are responsible for aerobic metabolism |
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