Term | Definition |
Facial muscles | located subcutaneously, attach to bone/fascia of skull.
Conveys emotions.
orbicularis oris and oculi and buccinator |
Facial muscle innervation | Cranial nerve 7 (facial cn)
muscles of expression |
skin of face innervation | Cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal cn) |
Orbicularis oculi | muscle around eye
orbital and palprebral parts. |
orbicularis oris | muscles around mouth.
produces puckering or whsitling, speech, mastication |
buccinator | muscles in cheek, keep cheeks taut, active in smiling, mastication, whistling and sucking. |
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | 2 of them on each side of face.
synovial joint
contain mandible (condyle), temporal bone (mandibular fossa+ articular eminance (tubercle) and intra-articular disc. |
Functions of TMJ | open and close mouth, chewing, talking, elevate, pro/retract jaw, lateral deviation. |
mandible function | body: carries teeth, transmits force
ramus: transmits forces, insertion of muscles that move jaw. |
muscles of mastication | digastric, temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid |
innervation of muscles of mastication | Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve. |
digastric | opens mouth widely
retract mandible |
temporalis function | elevate mandible, retract mandible, counteract gravity on jaw, chewing softly |
temporalis attachment sites | lateral surface of skull (temporal fossa) to coronoid process and anterior part of ramus of mandible. |
masseter function | elevation of mandible, pulls mandible forward, biting, protract mandible |
masseter attachments | zygomatic arch to ramus and angle of mandible |
medial pterygoid functions | elevation of mandible, protract mandible |
medial pterygoid attachments | medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate to ramus and angle of mandible |
lateral pterygoid function | protract mandible, lateral deviation of mandible |
vertebral column function | balance skull, support thoracic cavity, muscle attachment, protect spinal cord |
cervical spine function | C1-C7.
support and move skeleton, |
thoracic spine function | T1-T12
suspend ribs, support thoracic cavity |
Lumbar spine function | L1-L5
mobility between thorax and pelvis. |
sacral spine function | S1-S5
bind vertebra to pelvis |
coccygeal spine function | support pelvic floor |
kyphosis | posterior curvature
present in thoracic and sacral regions |
lordotic curves | anterior curvature
present in lumbar and cervical |
vertebral body function | weight bearing/transmission |
vertebral arch function | enclose spinal sord |
pedicle function | transmit force between anterior and posterior elements, resist bending |
laminae function | force transmission, form posterior wall of vertebral canal |
spinous and transverse parts of vertebrae | muscle and ligament attachment sites |
ring apophysis function | attachment of anulus fibrosus |
transverse process function | leverage, muscle attachement |
articular process function | guide and direct movement |