Term | Definition |
Genetics | Scientific study of heredity. |
Fertilization | The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to forma new cell. |
Trait | A specific characteristic of an individual. |
True-Breeding (Pure Breeding) (Homozygous) | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene. |
Hybrid | The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits. |
Segregation | The separation of alleles during gamete formation. |
Independent Assortment | One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits that can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. |
Gametes | Sex Cells. |
Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene. |
Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene. |
Phenotype | The physical characteristics of an organism. |
Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
Dominant | An allele that hides the presence of another allele. |
Recessive | An allele that is hidden by the presence of another allele. |
Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene. |
Incomplete Dominance | A situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele. |
Codominance | A situation in which the phenotype produced by both alleles are completely expressed. |
Punnett Square | A diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross. |
Multiple Allele Trait | A gene that has more than two alleles. |
Polygenic Trait | A trait controlled by two or more genes. |
Sex-linked Trait | The gene located on a sex chromosome. |
Carrier | |
Autosome | A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome. |