Term | Definition |
Genetics | study of heredity |
fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
Trait | specific characteristic of an individual |
True- Breeding (pure) | Same as Homozygous |
Hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | Seperation of alleles during gamete formation |
Independent Assortment | one of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
Gametes | sex cell |
Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | genetic makeup of an organsim |
Dominant | The gene that shows up |
Recessive | it refers to an allele whose phenotype can only be seen when there are two copies of it. Otherwise, its effects are covered up by a dominant allele |
Allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
Polygenetic | trait controlled by two or more genes |
sex- linked Trait | gene located located on a sex chromosome |
Carrier | You have the gene but you don't have the disease |
autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |