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Genetics
Chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | study of heredity |
| fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| Trait | specific characteristic of an individual |
| True- Breeding (pure) | Same as Homozygous |
| Hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Segregation | Seperation of alleles during gamete formation |
| Independent Assortment | one of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
| Gametes | sex cell |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | genetic makeup of an organsim |
| Dominant | The gene that shows up |
| Recessive | it refers to an allele whose phenotype can only be seen when there are two copies of it. Otherwise, its effects are covered up by a dominant allele |
| Allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
| Codominance | situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
| Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
| Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
| Polygenetic | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| sex- linked Trait | gene located located on a sex chromosome |
| Carrier | You have the gene but you don't have the disease |
| autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |