Question | Answer |
What is an important factor in homeostasis? | Blood Ca 2+ |
What is vital for maintaining tissue of uterus? | Progesterone |
What stimulates sensory neuron which sends an electrical message to a neurosecretory cell? | sudleling |
What is released because of Oxytocin? | positive feedback |
What happens during a negative feedback in pancreas? | pH raised by HCO 3-, shutting off secretin secretion |
What does curtisal do? | Stimulates breakdown of muscle proteins and convert it to glucose. |
What helps the body respond to stress? | adrenal glands |
What hormone has tropic and non tropic effects? | Growth Hormones (GH) |
How do sex hormone cascades run? | GnRH (Hypothalamus)---> FSH,LH (anterior pituitary) ----> sex hormones (gonads) |
What does aldosterone do? | stimulates reabsorbtion of salt&water by kidneys. |
What does medulla release? | epinephrine& nonepinephrine |
What does the pineal gland do? | secretes melatonin in response to light cues in hypothalamus. |
What do ADH&oxytocin do? | ADH= increases H2O for collecting ducts in kidneys.
Oxytocin= causes milk secretion. |
What happens if Ca 2+ drops too low? | parathroid glands release PTH. |
What is the job of 2 anatagonistic hormones? | to regulate ->
Insulin: body cells absorb glucose from blood.
Glycagon: causes liver cells to release sugar into blood. |
Where is insulin&glycogen produced? | pancreas. |
What causes diabetes mellitus? | the inability to produce insulin/low cell response to insulin. |
What is Type I-diabetes? | an autoimmune disorder.
T-cells destroy pancreatic B-cells.
Insulin must be injected several times a day. |
What's wrong with Type II-diabetes? | Insulin is produced, but target cells do not respond. 90% of cases. |
What do we have immediately under the hypothalamus? | pituitary gland. |
What 2 extensions do we have on the pituitary gland? | posterior portion: extension of hypothalamus
anterior portion: synthesizes tropic hormones |
What 2 chemicals are stored in the pituitary gland? | ADH&Oxytocin |
What do some cells release in the blood stream? | neurotransmitters. |
What travels outside the body to another individual? | Pheromones(smells) |
Where is endocrine tissue formed? | endocrine glands. |
What are 3 major hormones? | 1. Polypeptides-H2O soluble
2. Steroids- lipid soluble
3. Amnies- most H2O soluble |
What can cross cell membrane? | Lipid soluble hormones |
What does a low Ph in duodenum stimulate? | secretin. |
What is a synapse? | Nerve cells connect to cells at a space. |
What chemical signals does the endocrine system rely on? | Hormones. |
Where does endocrine system release hormones in? | blood stream. |
What happens during paracrine signaling? | short lived molecules activate near by cells. |
What happens during autocrine signaling? | cells release molecules which stimulate themselves. |
How do nerve cells transmit messages? | through synaptic signaling. |
What is one of the messaging systems in the animal body? | the endocrine system. |
How high should the glucose ratio in humans be? | 70-110mg/100mL |
What is a non-tropic hormone? | proactin. |
What portion of our brain helps regulate endocrine system? | hypothalamus. |
Where are hormones often released in? | hormone cascades. |
What are symptoms of diabetes? | High blood sugar. |
What response does medulla control? | flight or fight |
Where are androgens/testosterone produced? | testes. |
What's produced by the ovaries? | estrogens. |
What do nerve cells release? | neurotransmitters. |
What are the 2 Types of diabetes? | Type I & Type II |
What can't cross the membrane? | H2O solubles |
What are tropic hormones controlled by? | GnRH of hypothalamus. |
What happens if blood Ca 2+ is too high? | thyroid gland releases calacitonin. |
How does ACTH stimulate release of steroids? | by adrenal glands. |
How does the hypothalamus control anterior pituitary? | by secreting, releasing or stimulating hormones. |