Question | Answer |
zoology | the study of animals |
symmetry | a likeness in size, shape, or structure of parts of an organism
types: radial, bilateral (some organisms are asymmetrical) |
endoskeleton | an internal skeleton usually composed of bone and cartilage |
exoskeleton | a system of external plates that protect and support |
invertebrate | animals without backbones
largest group is arthropods (also largest in K. Animalia) |
vertebrates | animals with backbones |
amoebocyte | an amoeba-like cell in a sponge's mesenchyme that produces spicules, transports food, and eliminates waste |
ostia | openings that sponges use to draw in water |
osculum | large opening used by sponges to expel water |
sessile | growing while attached to something else; nonmotile |
cnidocyte | a stinging cell, characteristic of cnidarians, that contains poisonous barbs, coiled threads, or a sticky substance |
dorsal | back |
ventral | belly |
two forms of jellyfish (and most cnidarians) | polyp, medusa |
clitellum | The swollen region in the anterior of an earthworm (helps to distinguish the head or anterior of the worm from the posterior or tail of the worm) |
attributes of animals | movement, nutrition, respiration, circulation, support, reproduction |
cephalization | The presence of a "head" region, usually containing nerve tissue and supplied with sensory organs
cephalic-used when discussing the head region |
hermaphrodite | an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs |
Phylum Porifera | sponges
(porous, sessile, filter feeders, uses collar cells to eat and amoebocytes to transport nutrients and wastes, 0 germ layers) |
Phylum Cnidaria | hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, coral
(have cnidocytes to sting prey, most are pressure triggered except sea anemones which are triggered by chemicals) |
Phylum Echinodermata | star fish (sea stars), sea urchins, sea cucumbers
(can regenerate) |
Phylum Mollusca | snails, slugs, clams, scallops, octopus, squid |
Phylum Platyhelminthes | flatworms--Planarians (reproduce mainly by binary fission, and eat by sucking in food through their pharynx which is outside the mouth)
(most flatworms besides planarians are parasitic) |
Phylum Nematoda | roundworms |
Phylum Annelida | segmented worms-earthworm |
trocophores | clilated larva (key characteristic of echinoderms) |
ganglia | a mass of nerve tissue that acts as a "brain" in many organisms |
exothermic | organism that has no internal mechanism to control body temperature, so they depend on environmental factors and behaviors to control their body temperature |
endothermic | organism that has the ability to control body temperature through internal processes such as metabolism |
aortic arches | pumping organs (compared to the "heart" in other organisms) of the earthworm |
ganglia | mass of nerve tissues that act as the "brain" in many organisms |