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Bio-ch. 16-inverbr
Biology-Chapter 16-Invertebrates
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| zoology | the study of animals |
| symmetry | a likeness in size, shape, or structure of parts of an organism types: radial, bilateral (some organisms are asymmetrical) |
| endoskeleton | an internal skeleton usually composed of bone and cartilage |
| exoskeleton | a system of external plates that protect and support |
| invertebrate | animals without backbones largest group is arthropods (also largest in K. Animalia) |
| vertebrates | animals with backbones |
| amoebocyte | an amoeba-like cell in a sponge's mesenchyme that produces spicules, transports food, and eliminates waste |
| ostia | openings that sponges use to draw in water |
| osculum | large opening used by sponges to expel water |
| sessile | growing while attached to something else; nonmotile |
| cnidocyte | a stinging cell, characteristic of cnidarians, that contains poisonous barbs, coiled threads, or a sticky substance |
| dorsal | back |
| ventral | belly |
| two forms of jellyfish (and most cnidarians) | polyp, medusa |
| clitellum | The swollen region in the anterior of an earthworm (helps to distinguish the head or anterior of the worm from the posterior or tail of the worm) |
| attributes of animals | movement, nutrition, respiration, circulation, support, reproduction |
| cephalization | The presence of a "head" region, usually containing nerve tissue and supplied with sensory organs cephalic-used when discussing the head region |
| hermaphrodite | an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs |
| Phylum Porifera | sponges (porous, sessile, filter feeders, uses collar cells to eat and amoebocytes to transport nutrients and wastes, 0 germ layers) |
| Phylum Cnidaria | hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, coral (have cnidocytes to sting prey, most are pressure triggered except sea anemones which are triggered by chemicals) |
| Phylum Echinodermata | star fish (sea stars), sea urchins, sea cucumbers (can regenerate) |
| Phylum Mollusca | snails, slugs, clams, scallops, octopus, squid |
| Phylum Platyhelminthes | flatworms--Planarians (reproduce mainly by binary fission, and eat by sucking in food through their pharynx which is outside the mouth) (most flatworms besides planarians are parasitic) |
| Phylum Nematoda | roundworms |
| Phylum Annelida | segmented worms-earthworm |
| trocophores | clilated larva (key characteristic of echinoderms) |
| ganglia | a mass of nerve tissue that acts as a "brain" in many organisms |
| exothermic | organism that has no internal mechanism to control body temperature, so they depend on environmental factors and behaviors to control their body temperature |
| endothermic | organism that has the ability to control body temperature through internal processes such as metabolism |
| aortic arches | pumping organs (compared to the "heart" in other organisms) of the earthworm |
| ganglia | mass of nerve tissues that act as the "brain" in many organisms |
Created by:
marlynp
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