Question | Answer |
who is known as the farther of genetics? | Mendel |
What did he study? | Pea Plants |
What is the segment of DNA that encodes for traits? | Gene |
What is an allele? | it is a different form of a gene |
what is a dominant gene? | mask (hide) any other form of a gene |
what is a recessive gene? | the form of a gene that is masked (hidden) |
define homozygous | an individual that has two of the same alleles for a gene |
define Heterozygous | an individual that has two different alleles for a gene |
what is a test cross? | the crossing of an unknown individual with a recessive individual to determine whether the unknown individual is heterozygous or homozygous |
what is incomplete dominance? | is where neither allele masks the other but instead you see an intermediate in the heterozygous. |
what is an example of incomplete dominance? | red flower X white flower --> pink flower |
what are co-dominant alleles? | is when neither allele masks the other but instead you see both alleles appear |
what are multiple alleles? | more than two alleles influence the same gene |
what is an example of a multiple allele? | The human blood group |
what are Polygenic traits? | traits that are controlled by more than one gene |
what is an example of a Polygenic trait? | eye color, height, fingerprint |
what are karyotype ? | diagrams that arrange chromosomes from largest to smallest in order to detect diseases caused by nondisjunction |
what is a pedigrees? | a chart, similar to a family tree that traces a particular trait or disease |
what kind of traits are Hemophilia and colorblindness? | Sex-linked traits |
in a pedigree , what do circles represent? | females |
In a pedigree what do squares represent? | Males |
In a pedigree what does shaded shapes represent? | the individual express the trait |
In a pedigree what does the shapes that are not shaded represent? | the individual may or may not express that trait. |
what is the human genome project ? | is to determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome |
what is gene therapy ? | the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders. |
what is Recombinant DNA? | DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms. |
What is DNA fingerprinting ? | the analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals. |
What is a Gel electrophoresis? | a technique that is used to separate mixtures of DNA based on size |
What is Sickle Cell Anemia? | red blood cells are sickled shaped instead of round , and cannot carry oxygen |
What mutation causes Sickle Cell Anemia? | Mutation in the HBB on chromosome 11 |
What are some of the symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia? | pain through out the body |
what is Cystic Fibrosis? | mucus blocks airways |
What mutation causes Cystic Fibrosis? | abnormalities in the gene found in chromosomes 7 |
What are some of the symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis? | frequent lung infection , shortness of breath |
What is down syndrome? | Mental and physical retardation |
What mutation causes down syndrome? | an extra chromosomal 21 |
What are some of the symptoms of down syndrome? | short stature,heart defect , and mental disability |
what is Huntington's disease? | the nerves cells breakdown over time. |
What mutation causes Huntington's disease? | depression,small involuntary movement, poor coordination , and trouble with learning new information |
What are some of the symptoms of Huntington's disease? | gradual loss of brain function and uncontrollable movement |
what is PKU? | genetic disorder that causes abnormal physical and mental development |
What mutation causes PKU? | the body is unable to break down an important enzyme called Phenylalanine |
What are some of the symptoms of PKU? | mental retardation , physical disabilities ,seizures , eczema , odors in breath skin and urine |
What is Turner's syndrome? | genetic condition in which a female does not have the usual pair of chromosomes . |
What mutation causes Turner's syndrome? | Cells are missing all or part of the X chromosome |
What are some of the symptoms of Turner's syndrome? | dry eyes , infertility , short height and vaginal dryness |